i6 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



December, 1905 



Canton 

 Clothes 

 Dryer 



FOR USE IN 



Private Residences, Ho- 

 tels, Apartment Houses, 

 Hospitals, Public Institu- 

 tions, Clubs, Laundries, 

 etc. 



Do not buy a drying cabinet that can not be ventilated while clothes are being dried. 



Clothes turn yellow and have an objectionable odor if the moisture and 

 impure air are not continually carried out of cabinet. 



Our special system of heating and ventilating dries clothes in as sanitary a 

 manner as could be done by the sun and wind. 



The most convenient and economical laundry accessory made. 

 Illustrated catalogue " E" sent free on request. 



THE CANTON CLOTHES DRYER & MFG. CO., Canton, 0., U.S.A. 



NEW YORK AGENCY: 157 West 23d Street, New York City. 



Summer Home of Spencer Trask, Esq. 



"YADDO" 



Rife Automatic Hydraulic Ram 



SIMPLEST AND MOST EFFICIENT ENGINE MADE 



Water Pumped by Water Power 



No Wearing Parts Except Valves 



Operates Under 18 Inches to 50 Feet Fall 



Elevates Water 30 Feet for Every Foot Fall Used 



Runs Continuously. Absolutely Automatic 

 Plants Installed Under Positive Guarantee 

 80 Per Cent. Efficiency Developed 

 Over 5,000 Plants in Successful Operation 



Our Specialty is Equipping Country Places with Complete System vv ater Works, 

 extending to Stable, Greenhouses, Lawns, Fountains and Formal Gardens 



Saratoga, N.Y., March 6, 1901. 



Gentlemen : — It gives me great pleasure to testify to the excellence of the Rife Ram. After using the rams 

 of other makers for twenty years, of various sizes, I bought one of yours three years ago. Beginning at the 

 smallest size, 1 have gradually displaced the rams of other makers, until now I have various rams in use, all of 

 your make, from your smallest to the very largest size. They are doing most excellent work, delivering larger 

 quantities of water than any other ram I have ever used or heard of. 



I have recommended them to a large number of persons, and wherever used they have thanked me for the 

 recommendation. Yours very truly, SPENCER TRASK. 



Large Plants for Towns, Institutions and Railroad Tanks 

 Large Machines for Irrigation 



Rire Hydraulic Engine Co., Suite 2105 Trinity Building, New York 



Catalogues and Estimates Free 



ftf) Regular 

 • UU Price 



31 American Homes and Gardens 



g and Scientific American If^L til Sr*s $6.00 9 



stonework, all coupled with glorious views, 

 tend to make a sojourn in Italy among the 

 most refined and delightful of pleasures. For- 

 tunately the Italians have kept up their love 

 for their gardens, even though in all cases they 

 have not kept their gardens up. Some of these 

 beautiful spots are overrun with weeds and 

 the stonework is in ruins, presenting a most 

 melancholy sight. 



The sumptuous volumes before us open up 

 a new series of thought, which leads the mind 

 into the realms of the beautiful, which results 

 in better thoughts, for no one can examine 

 this work carefully without improving his 

 ideals, and the wonderful culture of the 

 Renaissance must have been, in some degree, 

 dependent on the delightful environment in 

 which the learned found themselves. The very 

 titles of the villas conjure up the names of the 

 great Pico della Mirandola, Poliziano and 

 Lorenzo de' Medici, when we mention the 

 Villa Farnese, Villa Medici, Villa Lante, Villa 

 Palmieri, Villa Albani, Villa Pamphilj, Villa 

 Doria, Villa Borghese, Villa Barberini, 

 Villa d'Este, Villa Torlonia and a score of 

 others equally famous. The wonderful 

 growths of ilexes, stone pines, cypress, firs, 

 box, yews and orange trees have, of course, 

 much to do with enhancing natural beauties. 

 The selection of views in the volume is most 

 admirable, and they are finely reproduced. 

 There is little to criticize and much to praise 

 in this admirable work, which appeals to every 

 lover of the beautiful. To the landscape archi- 

 tect it is a necessity, to the architect it is a 

 very desirable book; while to those who own 

 or are thinking of laying out gardens it is a 

 vast fund of ideas which can be modified to 

 meet the requirements of both time and clime. 



PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT 

 Chimneys and Heating 



THE draft points specified below, and 

 often overlooked by heating contrac- 

 tors, architects and owners, have been 

 demonstrated by the experts of the Furman 

 Boiler principle and those of the Henderson 

 Manufacturing Company, as constituting the 

 best system of draft, escape of gas, smoke, etc., 

 for any heating scheme. A chimney flue to 

 effect the best results should be round. Next 

 in order of efficiency comes the square flue, 

 while the least effective is one of oblong form. 

 The round flue presents an amount of friction 

 surface to the smoke and escaping gases equal 

 to about 3 1-7 times its diameter, the square 

 flue presents four times its diameter as friction 

 surface; while the oblong flue's friction sur- 

 face increases, beyond that of the square flue, 

 in direct proportion to the extent of elongation. 

 As an illustration : In an 8-inch round flue 

 the friction surface is 25.13 inches and contains 

 50.265 square inches of area. In an 8-inch 

 square flue the friction surface is 32 inches 

 and contains 64 square inches of area; while 

 in an oblong flue 4x16 inches the friction 

 surface is 40 inches and the area 64 square 

 inches. If the square form of flue is desired, 

 the side of the square should be at least equal 

 to the diameter of the boiler smoke pipe, as the 

 corners of the square flue are of practically no 

 value for the smoke passage, and in very large 

 flues even become a detriment, in the way of 

 eddying currents which upset the true course 

 of smoke and escaping gases. In other words, 

 the 64 square inches in the 8-inch flue are of 

 no greater value, if as great, for the smoke 

 passage than the 50,265 square inches of the 

 8-inch round flue. In an oblong flue the 

 depth should never be less than from 6 to 8 

 inches, even for the smallest flues; and the 

 length not to exceed \}i times the depth. If 

 an oblong flue is unavoidable, better results 



