( xix ) 



thus remarkably rich in butterflies. The number of species in 

 the several families exhibited were — Nymphalidae, 34, Satyridse 

 13, Papilionidse 6, Pieridse, 31, Erycinidx 29, Lyc&nidse 27, 

 IIesperiid& 62 — nearly all taken within three or four miles of 

 Port of Spain. The series of Heliconius telchinia and Tithorea 

 megara v&r.Jlavescens were particularly fine, showing the yellow 

 coloration only found in Trinidad and upon the coast of 

 Venezuela immediately opposite. A long series of Papilio 

 xeuxis, and Papilio alyattes, many of them bred from the same 

 $ parent, show that these two are in reality identical species. 

 The number of Erycinidse, in Trinidad compared with the 

 poverty of the same family in other West Indian Islands 

 alone indicates the different origin of its fauna, and suggests 

 affinity with the mainland of Venezuela, which at the nearest 

 point is but seven miles distant. 



Dr. Chapman exhibited specimens of Pamassius apollo taken 

 last July in Castile and Aragon (Spain), as well as a number 

 of specimens of both P. apollo and P. delius, chiefly Swiss and 

 French, taken by himself, Mr. J. W. Tutt (in Dauphine), Mr. 

 A. H. Jones (at Digne), and Mr. H. Rowland-Brown (at Susa, 

 N. Italy), for comparison with the Spanish specimens and to 

 illustrate the extent to which the races of these species 

 approached each other in Western Europe. He noted that the 

 Spanish specimens differed from most of the others in their 

 great size, some 3 s reaching 3| inches in expanse, and £s 

 3 J inches. The <$s agree with apollo in the only point of 

 distinction between that species and delius that makes some 

 pretensions to absolute constancy, viz. the coloration of the 

 shaft of the antennae. With delius they agree in a certain 

 amount of creamy tinting and apparent density of the white 

 scales, which in nearly all races of apollo are white and with 

 a certain suggestion of transparency. They agree also with 

 delius in the small amount of the dark (and semi-transparent) 

 marginal coloration of the wings, the hindwings being as free 

 from such markings as the most typical delius. They agree 

 also with delius in the comparative smallness of the black 

 marks both of fore- and hindwings, and in the tendency of 

 these to display red nuclei. Both males and females seem to 

 be exceedingly close to the Asiatic form of apollo, called 



