BIRDS. 19 



13. Upupa. Bill long;, slender, slightly compressed, a 

 little bowed : tongue arrow-shaped: nostrils smal!, 

 near the base of the bill : middle-toe connected to the 

 outmost at the base. 



14. Certhia. Bill slender, bowed, acute: tongue shorter 

 than the bill, pointed: tail of 12 stiff pointed feathers: 

 hind-toe very large : clems long, hooked. 



10. Alcedo. Bill triangular, straight, strong, pointed : 

 nostrils covered with feathers : tongue very short, flat, 

 acute: middle-toe connected by the 3 lower-joints to 

 the outermost. 



12. Merops. Bill somewhat quadrangular, a little in- 

 curved, tapering to a point : nostrils smal], at the base 

 of the bill : tongue slender, jagged at the end : middle- 

 toe connected as far as the middle joint to the outer- 

 most. 



2. With 2 toes before and 2 behind , all divided to their origin. 



7. Cuculus. "Bill roundish, weak, a little bowed : nostrils 



bordered by a narrow rim: tongue arrow-shaped, 

 short, pointed : tail of 10 long wedge-shaped feathers. 



8. Yunx. Bill roundish, slightly curved, weak : nostrils 



concave, without feathers : tongue very long, slender, , 

 cylindrical, with a horny point : tail of 10 even soft 

 rounded feathers. 

 9; Pieus. Bill angular, straight, strong, wedge-shaped 

 at the tip : nostrils covered with recumbent bristles : 

 tongue very long, cylindrical, with a horny jagged 

 point : tail of 10 stiff pointed feathers. 



ORDER III. PASSERES. . 



Bui conic, pointed : nostrils oval, pervious : toes slender, 3- 



before and 1 behind: claws slender, curved. 



1. With a thick conic bill. 



18. Loxia. Bill strong, convex above and below, very 

 thick and rounded at the base; the lower mandible 

 bent in at the edge : nostrils small, round, at the base 

 of the bill : tongue entire, truncate. 



19. Emberiza. Bill strong, conic; the sides of each 

 mandible bending inwards ; the upper-one narrower, 

 with a hard gibbosity in the roof: tongue pointed, 

 covered with a hard scale at the end. 



20. Fring.illa. Bill perfectly conic, slender towards 

 the end, pointed: tongue covered at the end with a 

 hard scale. 



2. Upper mandible a Utile bent at the point, 

 26. Hirundo. Bill short, small and a litte incurved at 

 the point, broad and depressed at the base : nostrils 



