ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS — APPENDIX. XXX111. 



In the almost rainless districts of the Punjab and the 

 Scinde in India, considerable areas of land are irrigated 

 by numerous inundation canals derived from the Indus and 

 its tributaries. 



Perennial canals supply the areas irrigated, not merely 

 in flood time, but whenever necessary, enabling the district 

 to be more fully cultivated and with greater certainty than 

 would be possible by the intermittent system of inundation 

 canals. 



There are two types of perennial canals: — 



(a) Those which draw their supplies from the upper 

 portions of rivers and convey the water to the lower 

 parts of their valleys, frequently over long distances. 



(b) Those which start from a deltaic river at the head of 



the delta and irrigate the low-lying lands lying 

 between, and for some distance on the other side of 

 the diverging branches of the river. 



Examples of the first kind in India are: — The Upper 

 Ganges Canal system taking off the river at Hardwar ; the 

 Lower Ganges Canal systems taking off at Nafora lower 

 down the river; the Agra Canal taken from the right bank 

 of the Jumna at Okla about eight miles below Delhi. These 

 are in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. 



In the Punjab there are some fine examples of perennial 

 canals, including the following: — The Bari Doab Canal 

 taking off the upper portion of the Ravi at Madhopur; the 

 Chenab Canal irrigating the Rechna Doab between the 

 Ravi and the Chenab, taking off at Khanke a few miles 

 below Wazirabad ; the Sidhnai Canal taking off the lower 

 portion of the Ravi near its junction with the Chenab, 

 which is partially perennial. 



Examples of the second kind, which start from the head 

 of deltaic rivers, occur in the Province of Madras as Dow- 



S— Dec 3, 1913. 



