ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS —APPENDIX. XXXIX. 



10,800 cusecs. or more than ten times that of the main 

 canal at Berembed on the Murrumbidgee. The area irri- 

 gated is 2,000,000 acres, and the population supported is 

 1,000,000. The training works on the Chenab River are 

 on a grand scale and represent the system of river training 

 adopted in the Punjab. The Bell-bunds on the Chenab and 

 the tee-headed groins on the Ganges are worthy of careful 

 study. 



In Southern India the Delta systems are the most inter- 

 esting, and all these, with the exception of the Mahanadi 

 in Orissa, are situated in the Madras Presidency. The 

 essential distinction between the ordinary conditions of 

 Northern and Southern India is that in the north there is a 

 perennial supply fed from the melting snows of the Hima- 

 layan Range, restricting the area under cultivation by a 

 fixed and more or less limited supply of water, whereas in 

 the south the main crops are grown at the time when the 

 rivers are at their maximum volume, and frequently the 

 south is subjected to drought. Throughout the whole 

 Madras Presidency, in every valley, some arrangements 

 exist for the conservation of water, which is utilized to 

 the last drop. 



The principal Delta systems are the Godavery and Kistna, 

 lying between Coconada and Pedda Gangan on the east 

 coast ; they adjoin one another and form an extensive and 

 connected irrigation area about 200 miles long by 50 miles 

 wide. Both the Godavery and Kistna rivers break through 

 the line of the Eastern Ghats within fifty miles of the sea, 

 and in the course of ages have built up the wide stretch 

 of delta lands beyond them. 



The head of the Godavery Delta is at Dowlaishwaram, 

 about four miles from the railway station, Rajahmundry. 

 A weir designed by Sir Arthur Cotton has been con- 

 structed across the river where the total width from bank 



