384 E. C. ANDREWS. 
smallshrubs. Both in Australia and South Africa the legumes 
were isolated from the aggressive Northern Hemisphere 
forms, and the Podalyrieze were developed. In Australia 
they are represented by twenty genera and four hundred 
species, in South Africa by two genera and thirty species. 
-The genus Pultenza, in Australia, with about one hundred 
species, is a magnificent example of adaptation to environ- 
ment. Olosely allied to it are Hutaxia, Latrobea, Phyllota, 
Dillwynia, and Aotus. To accommodate themselves to their 
inhospitable surroundings these southern Podalyriez 
reduced their leaf-surfaces, wherever possible, either to 
trifoliolate, or simple leaves, or they dispensed with them 
altogether. Such leaves as were retained became modified 
so as to be protected against excessive transpiration. 
Involute, or revolute, terete, pungent, glossy, or thick, 
leaves are common. A process of general reduction in size 
was adopted also by the plant for the same reason. 
As time progressed several of the Australian Podalyriee, 
such as Pultenzea and Bossizea adapted themselves to cold 
conditions, and a few species established themselves even 
on the high plateaus of Hastern Australia and Tasmania. 
The Podalyriez of South Africa and Australia belong to 
different subtribes, and they suggest common ancestors in 
tropical Africa and Asia, from which migrations were 
made south to lands not connected directly with each other, 
thus enabling them to develop in different directions. 
The northern Podalyriez are peculiar, and appear to be 
decadent types. All are possessed of three leaflets, and 
they otherwise exhibit closer resemblances to the Sophoreze 
than to the Podalyriez of the Southern Hemisphere, the 
general connection between all, however, lying in the free 
stamens. 
The northern forms are all small plants, and they appear 
to have developed in Hurasia, and to have spread thence 
