Vol. 58.] OF FOSSIL PLANTS FROM NEW SOUTH WALES. 27 
Jurassic, on the one side; and on the other, by the geologists 
of New South Wales, among whom none did more valuable work 
in proving the Paleozoic age of the Coal-Measures than the Rev. W. 
B. Clarke, the collector of the specimens described by the Author. 
Clarke published sections of coal-pits, showing the actual inter- 
ealation of beds with Gilossopteris and Vertebraria between others 
containing Spirifer aud Productus. The speaker referred briefly to 
the distribution of the Southern Upper Paleozoic Glossopteris-flora, 
and called attention to the remarkable discovery of the same by 
Prof. Amalizky in Russia, in the basin of the Dwina. 
Prof. Boyp Dawxrns congratulated the Author on his paper 
based on the collection of the late Rev. W. B. Clarke, which the 
speaker had studied in 1874 in Sydney. Clarke—the friend of 
Murchison, Sedgwick, and Lyell—was regarded, and justly, as the 
father of Australian geology, and his work has stood the test of 
the more minute surveys made since. He pointed out to the 
speaker the association of Carboniferous plants, such as Lepido- 
dendron, with the Gilossopteris-flora ; and the speaker had collected 
a large number of specimens of that flora from the Lower Car- 
boniferous shales of the railway-cuttings between the Blue Mountains 
and Bathurst. These are in the Manchester Museum, and might 
form the subject-matter for a second paper on the flora from the 
present Author. 
Dr. A. Smira Woopwarp said that he had studied some of 
the fishes obtained from these. rocks. Two collections had been 
described, but the third collection (from St. Peter’s, near Sydney), 
still to be described, contained the most truly typical Paleozoic fishes 
that he had yet seen from New South Wales, including Pleur- 
acunthus and Paleoniscid fishes of undoubted Paleozoic affinities. 
In the Wianamatta and Hawkesbury Beds, however, there were 
other fish-faunas: one of the faunas was, at the earliest, Triassic, 
and another would certainly be described as Jurassic. Further, 
a fish from the so-called Mesozoic of the Clarence River-Basin 
proved to be generically the same as a recent freshwater fish, one 
now living in the Australian rivers. 
The AvtHor, in replying to Dr. Blanford, said that it now seemed 
clear that, towards the end of Permo-Carboniferous times, a migration 
into Europe of the Southern types of the Glossopteris-flora took 
place. This was shown by the discovery of Glossopteris, and the 
occurrence of Noeygerathiopsis Goepperti and Phyllotheca deliquescens, 
in the Permian of Russia. It was perhaps one of the most important 
results that had been attained by recent researches, and of which 
there was undoubted evidence in the plants of the Clarke Collection. 
In reply to Prof. Boyd Dawkins, he said that his conclusion, that 
the age of the Newcastle Beds was Permian rather than Permo- 
Carboniferous, was based entirely on such evidence as the plants 
themselves afforded. He was unaware that Lepidodendron and 
Glossopteris had been found associated in the Newcastle Beds, as Prof. 
Boyd Dawkins stated, a fact which he believed had not been recorded. 
