Vol. 58. | ASSOCIATED BEDS OF THE MALVERN HILLS. 91 
the two rocks are obscure. But, judging from the distribution of 
the débris of the Quartzite, it would appear to crop out along a line 
running in a south-westerly direction obliquely down the slope, and 
parallel to the probable direction of outcrop of the sandstone '; this 
circumstance lends support to Symonds’s view. Other considera- 
tions, however, suggest that the Quartzite and Sandstone at this spot 
are separated by a fault (see pp. 96 & 97). 
The view that the Malvern Quartzite directly underlies the 
Hollybush Sandstone is further borne out by the close analogy 
between the Malvern and Shropshire districts; in the latter the 
sequence is clearer, and the glauconitic Comley (or Hollybush) 
Sandstone is immediately underlain by the Wrekin Quartzite.° 
The frequently conglomeratic character of the Malvern Quartzite 
also points in the same direction. At one spot there appears 
to be direct evidence of the infra-position of the Quartzite. At 
the northern end of the big quarry at White-Leaved Oak, the 
lowest portion of certain flaggy beds of the Hollybush Sandstone 
(which were evidently regarded as the base of that formation 
by Prof. Lapworth) is seen to consist chiefly of grey and greyish- 
white quartzite precisely like certain varieties of the Malvern 
(Juartzite, and unlike any seen in the MHollybush Sandstone. 
These contain, in addition to doubtful fragments of Kutorgina Phil- 
lipsit (Holl), which occurs in both formations, Obolella (?) Groomit, 
sp. noy., a fossil hitherto found only in the Malvern Quartzite. This 
quartzite passes up by alternation into the green flagegy Hollybush 
Sandstone. We have here, then, beds which represent either the 
summit of the Quartzite, or the passage-beds between the formations 
and the Hollybush Sandstone. 
The junction of the Malvern Quartzite series with the Archean 
complex being probably everywhere a fault,*? it is impossible to 
say on what rocks the former originally rested. It may have 
passed down into a pre-Cambrian sedimentary series, or into a 
volcanic series analogous to the Caldecote Series of Warwick- 
shire,* possibly into the Warren House Series of the Malverns.’ 
But it seems more probable that the Quartzite rested unconformably 
on both of the Malvern Archean series; for the inclusion in the 
conglomeratic beds of fragments bearing a general resemblance to 
certain rocks of the present Malvern Hills proves the denndation 
of a land containing rocks of both Malvernian and Uriconian type 
situated not far from the site of the present Malvern chain.” 
(6) Lithology and Thickness. 
Lithologically the rocks of this series vary from a compact 
quartzite to a rather coarse conglomerate, every transition between 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lv (1899) fig. 1, p. 182. 
* Callaway, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiv (1878) pp. 754 e¢ seqgqg., and 
Lapworth & Watts, Proc. Geol. Assoc. vol. xiii (1894) p. 309. 
% Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lv (1899) pp. 187, 139, & 145. 
* Lapworth, Proc. Geol. Assoc. vol. xv (1898) pp. 830-32. 
? Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lvi (1900) p. 140. 
° Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1960 (Bradford) p. 739. 
