Vol. 58.] ASSOCIATED BEDS OF THE MALVERN HILLS. 97 
Owing to the difficulty in ascertaining the precise succession of the 
beds, and to the disturbances and faulting which the formation has 
undergone, any estimate of the original thickness of the Hollybush 
Sandstone must be very uncertain. The combined thickness of the 
visible portion of the flaggy beds, and of the sandstones west of them 
at White-Leaved Oak, is probably about 225 feet: this estimate 
agrees closely with that of Holl, who says that the beds here are not 
much more than 200 feet thick.' The thickness of the flaggy beds 
aloneis not less than 75 feet. The inclination of the third set of beds 
can be seen only at two places. In one of these green sandstones 
dip north-eastward at a considerable angle*; in the other, situated 
towards the northern end of the large quarry at White-Leaved-Oak, 
black quartzites show a north-easterly dip of 60°.3 If this dip is 
maintained throughout the strip, the beds may be as much as 300 feet 
thick. The thickness of the beds of the uppermost series on the 
northern side of the Hollybush Pass, west of the fault traversing 
the sandstone, is about 550 feet; the corresponding series in the 
north-western part of the Raggedstone is probably about 650 feet, 
an estimate which is near that of 600 feet given. by Phillips for 
the whole formation.* But if, as may be suspected from the 
absence of débris of the supposed lower subdivisions, these are faulted 
out, and the series here consequently includes only the upper part 
of the formation, the thicknesses already suggested for the lower 
portions must be added to this value; this will give a maximum 
thickness of nearly 1200 feet for the whole formation. If, however, 
as seems probable, certain beds are repeated in the second and third 
series, and others in the third and fourth, some deduction must be 
made, though not, I think,a great one. J would suggest, therefore, 
an estimate of 1000 or 1100 feet, and do not think that the series 
can be much less than 900 feet thick. 
The following succession may be tentatively suggested :— 
(6) Massive Sandstones. 
3. Green sandstones containing Scolecoderma antiquissima, with a zone 
of dark-green sandstones (with a thin conglomeratic layer), dark- 
grey quartzite, and light-grey sandstones containing Scolecoderma 
antiquissima, Kutorgina Phillipsti, Hyolithus fistula, H. primevus, 
H. malvernensis, and probably other species of Hyolithus, together 
with Modiolopsis (Y) sp. Thickness probably not less than 650 feet. 
2. Grey, dark-grey, or black sandstones and quartzites, alternating with 
green and dark-green sandstones (with subordinate conglomerate), 
and with a thin impure limestone towards the base. Scoleco- 
derma antiguissima also occurs in these. Thickness 400 feet (?). 
(a) Flaggy and Shaly Sandstones. 
1, Flagey and shaly green sandstones, with one or two thin calcareous 
layers and a thin impure limestone; passing up into more 
massive green, dark-green, or dark-grey sandstones, and down into 
1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxi (1865) p. 89. 
* See dip-arrow a little north of the d in ‘ White-Leaved- Oak,’ Quart. Journ. 
Geol. Soc. vol. lv (1899) map, pl. xiii. 
> Thid. fig. 2. p. 134. 
4 Mem. Geol. Surv. Gt. Brit. vol. ii, pt. i (1848) p. 53. 
Q.J.G.8. No. 229. H 
