Vol. 58.] ASSOCIATED BEDS OF THE MALVERN HILLS. 105 
occurrence of similar grits in the overlying shales (see p. 104) takes 
away some of the force of this argument. The relations at Chase- 
End Hill between the two formations at the actual junction (fig. 2, 
p. 100) are compatible with the existence, either of an unconformity 
or of afault. The circumstance that the grits contain no fragments 
of Hollybush Sandstone or of Malvern Quartzite favours the view 
that the base of the White-Leaved-Oak Shales is faulted out; and 
this view seems to be further strengthened by the similarity of the 
fine grits to the black varieties of the Hollybush Sandstone. 
The junction of the Black Shales with the overlying Grey Bronsil 
Shales and their sills of basalt is well defined, and probably rather 
abrupt, but is nowhere actually exposed." The occurrence of a band 
of rather dark-grey shale in the Coal-Hill belt tends to diminish 
the contrast between the two series, and there seems no reason 
to believe that the upper series follows the lower otherwise than 
conformably. 
(d) Summary. 
To summarize the results set forth in the foregoing pages, the 
White-Leaved-Oak Shales may be divided. into 
(a) A lower series of Black Shales with dark glauconitic grits, not 
less than 30 feet thick—the zone of Polyphyma—charac- 
terized by the abundance of Polyphyma Lapworthi, together 
with Protospongia fenestrata, and the brachiopods <Acro- 
treta (2) Sabrine var. malvernensis, Kutorgina cingulata 
var. pusilla, and by a dearth of trilobites. 
(b) An upper series of Black Shales, including a foraminiferal 
limestone (?in the form of nodules) at one horizon, and 
possibly dark grits at another. This series—the zone of 
Spherophthalmus alatus, etc.—is characterized by the 
presence of Sph. alatus, Ctenopyge bisulcata, Ct. pecten, 
Peliura scarabaoides, Agnostus trisectus, Obolella (?) Saltert, 
and Lingula(?)pygmea in the Black Shales, and by Obolella 
(?) Saltert and Spirillina Groomiana and other foramini- 
fera, etc., in the limestone. 
V. Tae Bronsit SHALES. 
The Grey Shales, to which I would propose to apply the name 
Bronsil Shales, occupy a relatively considerable area west of the 
Southern Malverns, and are by no means limited to the small tri- 
angular area spoken of by Holl.? They are usually of a light-blue, 
light-green, or yellowish tint: rather dark shales occur in some 
places, and are difficult to distinguish from similarly coloured 
1 Compare map in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lv (1899) pl. xiii. 
2 Ibid. vol. xxi (1865) p. 92. 
