132 PROF. GROOM ON THE CAMBRIAN AND [Feb. 1902, 
Malverns belong to the uppermost part of the Para- 
doxidian. Further light on this question may be expected from 
the Nuneaton area, in which Polyphyma Lapworth and Agnostus 
pisiformis both occur. 
(c) The Hollybush Sandstone. 
The fossils obtained from the Hollybush Sandstone do not afford 
much aid in determining the precise horizon of this formation. 
Dr. Callaway long ago regarded it as the equivalent of the very 
similar Hollybush or Comley Sandstone of Shropshire. The passage 
in each area down into an underlying quartzite tends to support 
this view. In Shropshire the basal beds of the sandstone have 
yielded to Prof. Lapworth Olenellus and Paradoaides.2 The some- 
what similar basal flaggy, shaly, and calcareous sandstones of 
Malvern have not yielded either of these forms, but contain the 
associated Lower and Middle Cambrian form Kutorgina cingulata, 
and other fossils. The probabilities are, therefore, that 
the base of the Cambrian is represented also at Malvern. 
The overlying sandstones contain Kutorgina cingulata var. Phillipsu, 
and Hyolithus fistula (which also occurs in Shropshire), together with 
other Hyolithide, all of which are apparently new: three of the fossils 
also occur in the Hollybush Quartzite. Moreover, Hyolithus fistula, 
H. malvernensis, H. primevus, and perhaps other species of the 
same genus, appear to be most closely related to forms which 
characterize the Lower and Middle Cambrian beds of other countries 
(see pp. 111 et seqg.). These facts, together with those mentioned 
on pp. 104 & 131, indicate that much or the whole of the 
Hollybush Sandstone belongs to the zone of Para- 
dowvides, rather than to the Zingula-Flags, with which 
it has generally been correlated. 
Prof. Lapworth was disposed to correlate both the Hollybush 
Sandstone and the Comley Sandstone with the Camp-Hill Quartzite, 
or upper division of the Hartshill Quartzite of Nuneaton.’ The 
occurrence of shaly beds at the base, and their passage down into 
the underlying quartzite, is in harmony with this view, but no fossils 
have been obtained from the Camp-Hill Quartzite itself. The lower 
portions of the two formations in the Malvern and Nuneaton districts 
are comparable in thickness, the 50 or 60 feet, chiefly shales, in 
the last-mentioned locality being represented by 75 feet or more of 
thin flags and sandy shales. The differences seem to consist mainly 
in the greater thickness, and more arenaceous and glauconitic (but 
less calcareous) character of the Malvern beds. Considering the 
lithological differences, the poverty of the Malvern beds in fossils, 
as compared with the richer fauna of the Hyolite-limestone, is, 
perhaps, not surprising.* In the upper portions of the two series 
compared, some of these differences are in the same direction, but 
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiii (1877) p. 652. 
Geol. Mag. 1891, p. 529, 
Proc. Geol. Assoc. vol. xv (1898) p. 344. 
Ibid. p. 348. 
fe Os ho 
