150 COLONEL ENGLISH ON COAL- AND [Feb. 1902, 
& 
9. Coat- and PxrrroteumM-Deposits im European Turkey. By 
Lieut.-Colonel THomas Enetisu, F.G.S. (Read December 18th, 
1901.) 
[Pirate [TV—Map.] 
In the following paper I have attempted to give an account of the 
general succession, so far as at present known, of the formations 
which include some recently-discovered coal-seams and naphtha- 
bearing sands of Tertiary age, in the little-visited stretch of country 
lying to the north of the Gulf of Xeros in the Mediterranean and of 
the western portion of the Sea of Marmora. 
The absence of any map sufficiently detailed for geological pur- 
poses renders it somewhat difficult to interpret various interesting 
teatures, and I feel that apology is due beforehand for many errors 
and omissions arising from this cause. 
By far the best map is that compiled by the Russian military 
staff, on the scale of about half an inch to a mile, and the geological 
sketch-map which accompanies my paper is reduced from this. The 
Russian map is furnished with approximate contour-lines, appar- 
ently 10 sagenes (=70 feet) apart; but these are only sketched in, 
and though amply sufficient for military purposes, do not give much 
geological information in so broken a country. I have therefore 
only transferred sufficient heights in feet to the sketch-map to give 
a general idea of the relief. 
There is but little written description accessible of the geological 
features of the district. The only original information that I have 
been able to find is contained in Ami Boué’s ‘ La Turquie d’Europe,’’ 
1840, and in Viquesnel’s ‘ Voyage dans la Turquie d’Europe,’ 1868. 
The former? gives a short general summary of the composition 
of the Tertiary formation in Thrace. Viquesnel, in the atlas 
accompanying his book, shows a traverse-sketch of his itinerary, 
and also furnishes short descriptions of the rocks and fossils met 
with on the road. Some of the fossils were subsequently identified 
by Vicomte d’Archiac, and are described in an appendix to 
Viquesnel’s second volume. 
There is also a paper by F. von Hochstetter in the Jahrbuch der 
k.-k. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 1870,* but he states definitely (on 
p. 387) that he is dependent for his information, as to the district 
here dealt with, on Viquesnel, and that he had not himself visited 
the neighbourhood. Probably as a consequence, dependence cannot 
be placed in all points upon the geological map which accompanies 
his paper, so far as it relates to the localities which I propose to 
describe. 
1 Paris 1840, 4 vols. 8vo, with map. 
2 Up. cit. vol. i, pp. 319 et segg. 
8 *Die geologischen Verhaltnisse des dstlichen Theiles der europaischen 
Tiirkei’ pp. 8365-461 & pl. xviii (geological map). 
