158 ‘oa COLONEL ENGLISH ON COAL- AND [ Feb. 1902, 
through 60 feet of clay and boulders; while half a mile above the 
naphtha-borings, in the Deli Osman Valley, there is a cliff-section 
Scratched sandstone-boulder, Milos. (Length=about 2 feet.) 
[From a photograph. | 
60 feet high from the river-level, composed of 40 feet of boulders 
and clay, with a capping of sand slipped down from the naphtha- 
bearing strata. 
At the naphtha-borings, the upper surface of the stones is about: 
12 to 17 feet above the river-level, and presents a series of parallel 
ridges, about 5 feet high, curving diagonally, with a downstream 
convexity, across the Milos Valley. These ridges are full of boulders. 
up to 3 tons in weight, and have a general surface-slope down the 
valley of 3°. The river-slope is 1°, and no boulders of more than 
5 cwt. are visible in the channel. 
The stony clay merges similarly into a mass of stones in the 
Ganos Valley, as the sea is approached. This valley is prolonged 
into the Sea of Marmora to a very remarkable depth, rivalling the 
deepest fiords of Norway: soundings of 533 fathoms being shown on 
the Admiralty Chart about 4 miles east-north-east of Ganos and 
within 13 miles of the coast, which at this point is formed by the 
steep sandstone-cliffs of the Tekfur Dagh, dipping 30° inland. 
Farther west there are scarcely any soundings of 50 fathoms for 
more than 100 miles towards and through the Dardanelles. 
At the Hora Lighthouse, about 1 mile to the south-west of the 
river-mouth, a very well-marked ‘raised beach’ occurs at 130 feet. 
