1382 REV. E. HILL ON THE MATRIX OF [May 1902, 
to me microscopic coal even south of the Wash, in several Cromer 
deposits. There was an agent of transport in Glacial times able to 
spread coal-dust from the mouths of the Tees and Humber southward 
certainly as far as the south of Lincolnshire, probably to the north 
of Norfolk, possibly even to Suffolk itself. It seems that no similar 
agent of transport came out of the Humber Basin down the land- 
ward side of the Lincolnshire Wolds. 
To summarize the foregoing conclusions:—The deficiency in 
sand-grains indicates that the materials of the matrix in these 
clays did not come from the east. The abundance of matter derived 
from Secondary rocks, points to sources in the west or north-west. 
The apparent absence of coal shows that nothing came from the 
east side of the Lincolnshire Wolds ; adding also the conclusion that 
the agents which brought these Secondary materials did not bring 
materials from the coalfields of Staffordshire, Leicestershire, Derby- 
shire, or Yorkshire. It appears, then, that the matrix of the 
Suffolk Boulder-Clay consists of materials drawn from 
a limited belt lying on one side of the basin which it 
occupies. 
The larger stones embedded in this matrix consist chiefly of 
flints: besides these, in some places are assemblages of chalk-blocks, 
in others similar assemblages of Kimeridge limestone and shales. 
Paleozoic or igneous fragments are extremely rare. JI should 
think that, taking matrix and inclusions together, 99 per cent. or 
more is of Secondary and western origin. 
Discussion. 
Prof. H. G. Sentny said that, while the Boulder-Clay in the East 
of England was full of fragments which correspond with local rocks, 
there were reasons for believing that it was in part formed when 
the level of the land was much higher; so that the existing coast- 
lines could not have influenced the distribution of its constituent 
rock-material. He noticed that all the strata on the East of 
England strike eastward over the North Sea, and some of them 
appear to be indicated eastward by differences in soundings. 
There is evidence that part of the Boulder-Clay came from the 
north-east, in the presence in it of rocks from Norway ; and as the 
bed of the North Sea exposed the Secondary rocks, he would 
suggest that the materials of this part of the Chalky Boulder-Clay 
had a north-easterly origin, being derived from the submerged 
outcrop. 
Mr. F. W. Harmer said that he was interested to find that the 
important investigations of the Author tended to confirm the view 
taken by the late S. V. Wood and himself twenty-five years ago, that 
the Chalky Boulder-Clay ice came from the north-north-west, from 
the region lying between the Wolds and the Lincoln heights, which 
contains a series of the Secondary rocks between the Chalk and the 
Lias. It could not have come from the North Sea, as has been often 
