302 REV. J. F. BLAKE ON A REMARKABLE INLIER [May 1902, 
The matrix in the breccia is full of shell-débris, and in places where 
the rock-fragments are locally wanting this débris consolidates into 
a massive white limestone-band, such as were formerly worked for 
lime in this locality. The surface (no doubt, in great part, due 
to denudation) is fairly flat. This bed proves a large amount 
of shell-grinding to have taken place before transport. The breccia- 
beds are not so closely packed one upon the other as before; and 
intervening shales both above and below the same bed have every- 
where a low steady dip to the sea, striking parallel to the shore in 
its various changes of direction, or, perhaps it would be more 
correct to say, that the shore follows the varying strike of the beds. 
These intervening shales have yielded Perisphinctes Pallasi, two 
good specimens of Natica Marcousana, a narrow thin belemnite, 
and Aleetr youia.  Isastrwa oblonga occurs as before in the breccia. 
All the breccia-beds north of Helmsdale as far as this point count for 
almost nothing in the sequence, for we are here on the same horizon 
as the last that yielded a fauna. 
The low steady dip seen in the seaward scars 1s interrupted in one 
place, along the strike of one of the beds, by a curious arrangement 
of rocks at the base of the cliff, where we find a large rounded 
mass of Old Red Sandstone’ which, in the light of other localities, 
may be taken as the summit of a boss projecting from the main 
mass, here depressed farther below sea-level. Like the larger inlier, 
it has the ordinary micaceous character and purplish tint of 
the Caithness Flags, and it is divided into thin bands having a 
high northerly dip. It is overlain immediately on both sides 
by Jurassic shales, followed above by a bed of breccia. The 
north side differs from the south in the following remarkable 
manner. ‘he Jurassic shale is here squeezed up into a sharp anti- 
cline, just as a piece of whalebone would be between the finger 
and thumb. One end of the anticline rests against the boss of Old 
Red Sandstone; while on the south side the same shale coats the 
surface of the boss (fig. 8, p. 303). This arrangement of the strata 
has therefore been brought about by a pressure from the north, and . 
this pressure is not generally manifested, but only when, as at this 
boss, an obstacle is presented. Overlying the shales on either side 
is a band of breccia, containing the /sastrea. If we imagine the 
carrier of the stones to impinge upon this boss in a solid condition, 
it might squeeze up the intervening shale into the form which 
we now see. Itis quite consonant with this explanation that there 
should be obscure fragments of Jurassic shale in the breccia, and 
isolated breccia-fragments embedded in the shale. The dip of the 
shale on the south side, and of the breccia-beds on both sides, may 
be due, as before, to the sinking of the strata on consolidation, leaving 
the unyielding boss at a higher relative level. 
Beyond Nayidale the breccia-beds and their intervening shales 
continue to undulate gently on the scars, so that their strike, as 
' This must be the mass, I think, described by Prof. Judd as the largest of 
the transported blocks, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxix (1873) pp. 192-93. 
