354 PROF, SPENCER ON THE GEOLOGICAL AND [Ang. 1902, 
21. On the GuotoeicaL and Puysicat DEVELOPMENT of BARBADOS; 
with Norss on TRintpav. By Prof. JosepH Wittiam WINTHROP 
Spencer, M.A., Ph.D., F.G.S. (Read December 18th, 1901.) 
ConTENTS. 
Page 
E.. Introduetion,. 27g ease se nosh ocre« oa.20c ese eee ee 354 
II. Hydrographical Relationships of Barbados ............... 354 
III. Hydrographical Relationships of Trinidad ............... 305 
ITV. Physical Characteristics and Hrosion- Features of 
Barbadogy: 08... deena tdesncgnaed spe alee ae ee 356 
V. The Older Geological Formations of Barbados............ 306 
VI. The White Limestone or the Antigua Formation, and 
itselationship ....ssrs.<sesee no eine te brace al tee eene aero 
VIL The Ragged-Point Series\;......05..0..40.008 oe 360 
VIII. The Bath-Reef Series, and more Recent Phenomena...... 361 
IX. Notes on the Physical Features of Trinidad ............... 363 
X, Summary and Conclusions 5.0 2.5..5.c0s.--0.sceseae ee eee 364 
I. Inrropvucrion. 
As there is an extensive literature on the geology of these islands, 
the chief object of the present paper is to record some newly- 
observed features, and to extend the studies which have been made 
by the writer on the other West Indian Islands. The most important 
contributions as yet made to the geology of Barbados are those of 
Prof. J. B. Harrison & Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne,' supplemented by 
the studies of the fossil coral-fauna by Prof. J.W.Gregory.” In his 
‘ Birds of Barbados,’ Col. H. W. Feilden* anticipated some of the 
conclusions subsequently arrived at by the other writers. In the 
earlier part of the 19th century some notes by Count Schomburgk * 
appeared, and earlier still James D. Maycock’ made the first 
geological map of the island. 
The geological literature of Trinidad is still more voluminous, 
being especially represented by the numerous papers of Mr. R. J. 
Lechmere Guppy, and by the earlier Government reports on the 
“Geology of Trinidad’ by G. P. Wall & J. G. Sawkins (1860). 
Il. HyproGRaPHiIcaL ReLarionsHips or BARBADOS. 
Barbados is an outlying remnant of the dissected and submerged 
Antillean plateau. It occupies the same relationship to the main 
chain of islands, although separated from St. Vincent by 100 miles, 
as Grand’ Terre does to Guadeloupe proper, from which it is 
divided by a strait only a few hundred feet wide, or as Marie 
Galante and The Saints do to Guadeloupe. 
1* Geology of Barbados’ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlvii (1891) pp. 197- 
250; & ibid. vol. xlv1ii (1892) pp. 170-226. 
2 ‘Contrib. to Palxont. & Phys. Geol. West Indies’ Quart. Journ. Geol. 
Soe. vol. li (1895) pp. 255-310. 
: > & the Birds of Barbados’ Ibis, ser. 6, vol. i (1889) pp. 478-79. 
‘History of Barbados’ 1847, pp. 546- 57. 
5 co He Barbadensis’ iondou: 1830, pp. 15- 17. 
Kt 
