Vol. 58.] PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BARBADOS, ETC. 357 
sea, which have occurred in comparatively late geological times ; for 
these deposits originated at ocean-depths of perhaps 2 miles or more. 
Their age has not hitherto been exactly determined, as the Scotland 
Beds, beneath them, contained only very fragmentary paleonto- 
logical evidence, and the limestones above were not differentiated 
into their component formations, all being designated ‘ Raised Coral- 
Reefs,’ and regarded as of Pleistocene age. Accordingly, Mr. Jukes- 
Browne originally assigned the Oceanic Series to the Pliocene 
Period. 
From the fragmentary evidence available, Mr. R. J. L. Guppy 
correlated the Scotland Sands with the Naparima Beds of Trinidad, 
on account of finding two fossils in common. At first he classified 
the Trinidad formation as Lower Miocene, but later as Eocene, which 
conclusion agrees with that of Prof.Gregory.t The changing physical 
conditions, which allowed at first of the accumulation of shore- 
deposits of sand, then of the oceanic oozes at abysmal depths, and 
finally of limestones, containing a littoral fauna, imply at least a long 
duration of time. The limestones overlying the Oceanic Beds are 
now found to belong to the Oligocene, not geologically very much 
more recent than the age assigned to the underlying Scotland Beds. 
On this account, without fuller evidence, I am inclined to think that 
the Scotland Beds are somewhat older than Mr. Guppy makes them ; 
for the one period (Hocene) seems too short for the stupendous 
changes in physical conditions recorded in these various formations. 
Oceanic Beds occur in Cuba, beneath the White Limestones, as 
first shown by Prof. W. O. Crosby,” and subsequently by Mr. R. 
T. Hill.2 From the fossils contained in the White Limestone of 
Cuba, Prof. W. H. Dall concluded that they belonged to the Lower 
Miocene Period, which he now classifies, however, as the Upper 
Oligocene. Oceanic Beds occur in Jamaica at what is supposed to 
be the same horizon as in Cuba. ; 
The Scotland Beds and the Oceanic Series constitute the founda- 
tion of Barbados, lying unconformably beneath the limestones. 
VI. Tsar Waits Limestone og tHE ANTIGUA FoRMATION, AND ITS 
RELATIONSHIP. 
Under the designation of ‘ Raised Coral-Reefs,’ Mr. Jukes-Browne 
has given a description of the calcareous formations, to which he 
assigned a date no older than the Pleistocene Period. As the general 
characteristics of these rocks are alike, it was natural to correlate 
all of them under one series as had been previously done, and when 
large collections of fossils were obtained at a few localities, to assign 
their age to the whole calcareous cap. In Prof. Gregory’s revision 
of the corals collected by Mr. Jukes-Browne and Mr. G. F. Franks, 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. li (1895) p. 298. 
* See Messrs. Harrison & Jukes-Browne’s paper, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 
vol. xlvii (1891) p. 236. 
* * Notes on the Geology of the Island of Cuba’ Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. 
vol. xvi (1895) pp. 243-88 with nine plates. 
Q.J.G.S. No. 231. 2¢ 
