478 : MR. P. F. KENDALL ON A SYSTEM OF [Aug. 1902, 
of the Manchester Ship-Canal, and the comparison of the materials 
with the Warps of Yorkshire, I have obtained, as I believe, a means 
of discrimination. 
Flood-alluvia are cast down upon meadows through which the 
streams meander, and consequently the area occupied by them 
presents very little relief: hence upon our geological maps we find 
these flat meadows marked as alluvium, the boundaries following 
the feature against which the deposits halt. The flood-alluvium is 
cast upon a surface well covered with herbage, and consequently 
any bedding which it may display is irregular, and is liable to 
obliteration by penetration of roots and by other agencies. 
Take, now, the case of a lacustrine deposit—it is dropped over the 
whole floor of the lake, which may have a greatly diversified and 
undulating surface, upon which the mud will lie as a nearly uniform 
mantle. There may be absolutely no vegetation upon the lake- 
bottom, either to produce any original irregularity, or to efface 
eventually the laminations ; consequently such limnal muds may be 
expected frequently to display close and regular laminations, which, 
being parallel to the subjacent surface, may be highly inclined.'g ® 
Fig. 1.—Section at Danby Brick-and-Tile Works. 
a — <= oo 
Xoo 0 Oo ee 
{.—Gravel_... 
2.—Red clay with blue joints... . %—6 
3.—Blue clay without visible bedding .... 6’—12’ 
4.—Leaf clay, clay finely laminated with 
sand ... 3 is a pee 18" 
Anyone who has studied the ancient Warps of Yorkshire will 
know how generally these characters, which I have regarded as 
indicative of lacustrine origin, are present. The late Canon Atkinson 
in his fascinating book, ‘Forty Years in a Moorland Parish, 
describes a sort of prophetic vision of a great lake in Upper Eskdale 
(where, as I shall show in the sequel, a glacier-lake of large 
dimensions probably existed); and he justifies his vaticinations by 
one piece of geological evidence, the exceedingly close and regular 
laminations of the Warp-clays of the district. The exposure to 
which he refers certainly furnishes me with my clearest and best 
