Vol. 58.] GLACIER-LAKES IN THE CLEVELAND HILLS. 509 
overflow. The next shrinkage was a much more considerable one— 
the ice-margin withdrew to a position about a quarter of a mile from 
the Murk-Mire-Moor channel and parallel to it, and a new channel 
was commenced at the 675-foot contour. The channel ran round 
the edge of the moorland, and for a long distance was bounded on 
one side by ice. Traces of the scarp into the hillside are well seen 
above Struntry Carr, indenting the 650-foot contour. 
Its continuity was interrupted across the middle of its course by 
the natural valley draining the moorlands, known as Oakly Beck, so 
that this, like the higher channel, was in two segments —one, the 
more northerly, Moss Swang, and the southerly, Randay- Mere valley.’ 
The next shrinkage took place when Lake Eskdale was lowered 
by erosion of the overflow at Moss Swang to about 625 feet. 
This opened a low gap in the side of the channel at Castle Hill, and 
led to the abandonment of the oxbow there. The main channel 
continued to be eroded, and the oxbow, a splendid example of an 
overflow, stands more than 50 feet above the main channel.” The 
view of this deserted channel from the main Moss-Swang valley is 
very striking. (See figs. 6 & 7, p. 508.) 
The last stage of ice-retreat traceable in this region is repre- 
sented by a deepening and deviation of the Moss-Swang channel, 
showing that the Randay-Mere segment was the first portion 
abandoned. This is clearly shown by the lower level of the Moss- 
Swang outlet, as compared with the Randay-Mere intake. 
No overflows corresponding with these are to be found on the 
end of Two-Howes Rigg, and it is clear that the ice did not abut 
against that hillside at such an altitude as to maintain a barrier 
between Lake Wheeldale and Eller-Beck Lake. The two became 
continuous, and may now be called Goathland Lake. During 
the succession of events here described the Fen-Bogs outlet was 
being lowered, but at a diminished rate, due to the fact that the 
overflow had cut down to a bed of hard grit out of which the sill 
came to be formed. 
There is a shallow groove running behind the church at Goathland, 
which may have been cut at the final stage of this lake. It is 
a few feet, probably not more than 5 or 6, below the level of 
the Fen-Bogs overflow; but there is another interest altogether 
attaching to it, in the form of a scarp in hard grit, the same which 
forms the sill at Fen Bogs, fronted and covered by bedded gravel 
* The last-named valley contains the reservoir that supplies Whitby with 
water. In the course of some repairs executed upon the floor of the reservoir, 
a great thickness of superficial deposits was encountered. Mr. G. B. Williams 
makes the following remarks upon them :—‘ At the bottom of the reservoir there 
is a deposit of clay and silty sand, mixed with detritus from the surrounding rocks, 
and interstratified with layers of peat, the whole being 60 feet to 70 feet deep’ 
(Proc. Inst. C. E. vol. exxxvii, 1899, p. 357). The author gives no diagram of 
the section, and I suspect that some disintegrated rock in sitw is included in 
his description. 
It is quite possible that the oxbow was produced by a slight re-advance of 
the ice blocking the lower end of Moss Swang. There are signs elsewhere 
of such an oscillation. 
