Vol. 58. | GLACIER-LAKES IN THE CLEVELAND HILLS. 513 
regarded as marking the level of Lake Hskdale at the stages of 
cutting represented by the grit-outcrops at the Moss-Swang intake. 
The remaining phenomena of Lake Hskdale can be understood 
only by reference to the conditions which prevailed in the country 
outside the watershed of Northern Cleveland. 
(4) The Lakelets of Northern Cleveland. 
The evidence already adduced has made it clear that a great 
press of ice bore upon the northern face of the Cleveland Hills. 
At the western end denudation has almost completely swept 
away one side of the Cleveland anticline, and left in its place a 
deep rectangular recess overlooked by a serrate escarpment, which 
exposes the sections of a number of beheaded valleys. Whether 
marine denudation has had any part in this, or whether it has 
been brought about solely by the action of rivers which have en- 
croached by their headwaters and by the capture of tributaries, 
I am unable to say; but the cases of Lonsdale, the Leven, and 
Sleddale, to be presently mentioned, seem to indicate that subaérial 
denudation may have been the sole agent. 
The distribution of erratics and other signs show that, at the 
maximum extension of the ice, an overflow of water may have taken 
place by every notch in the escarpment, though only of three places 
can this be positively asserted. 
The Whorlton Recess. 
At the western extremity of the escarpment there occurs the 
only example of a valley opening to the northward. This valley, 
Scugdale, is hemmed in by lofty ridges rising to upwards of 1000 
feet except at one point, wherea gap occurs in Stony Ridge on the 
west side of the valley. Here a narrow, sharply-cut notch breaks 
through the 1000-foot contour, and forms the intake of a deep 
channel, Holy-Well Gill, which has all the characteristics of a lake- 
overflow. . 
I have examined this valley on two occasions, and though I felt that 
there seemed to be an inherent improbability in the occurrence of 
an overflow at such an altitude—the highest that I have observed in 
the Cleveland area—at this particular place, yet the character of the 
valley compels me to include it. The Drift in Scugdale does not 
extend, or is not traceable, to so high an elevation. At Sparrow Hall 
there is gravel with erratics up to over 600 feet above sea-level, but 
along the hillside near the overflow, though traces of gravel are visible 
up to 925, [found no erratics above 875 feet. When this overflow 
was in operation, the valley must have been quite blocked with ice. 
Simultaneously with the operation of this overflow, a small lakelet 
was formed in a minor recess above Scarth Wood, which cut a well- 
marked channel through the watershed into the valley leading down 
to Osmotherly; but its operation seems to have been of brief duration, 
and a slight recession of the ice-front opened a lower notch, the 
