514 MR. P. F. KENDALL ON A SYSTEM OF (Aug. 1902, 
fault-valley of Scarth Nick, which now carried off the waters both 
of this lakelet and of Lake Scugdale. 
Searth Nick is a fine example of an overflow ; the valley is 100 
feet deep, with a breadth of only about 150 yards at the top of the 
cutting, narrowing to about 30 yards, or less, at the bottom. The 
floor is flat, and contains much peat. Near its confluence with 
Crabdale, a valley of normal shape, there is an immense accumula- 
tion of gravel standing as a mound in the middle of the valley. 
Lake Scugdale was, at its maximum, about 400 feet deep. When 
Scarth Nick was opened, the level fell nearly 200 feet, but the area 
of the lake was not greatly affected, for the hillslopes are steep, and 
the recession of the ice-tront would compensate for the loss. 
Gerlton Bank. 
This, the next opening to the east of Scugdale, is a valley of the 
southern slope which has been beheaded. 
The intake-notch is very broad, and there is a broad flat sill at an 
altitude of about 930 feet. The watershed is almost on the extreme 
edge of the escarpment. I have found erratics right across the sill 
and on the hills a little above it, so that the ice here must have 
attained as great an altitude as in Scugdale; but though there was 
probably some wash of water over into the Rye drainage, there 
cannot have been much, as the escarpment is very straight along 
here, and there is no recess which could have held a lake. 
The breach at Donna Cross has a double head a little over the 
1000-foot contour. It shows no definite signs of overflow, and the 
same may be said of Carlton Bank ; but the next opening, the last 
in the series, is of a different type altogether. 
The Ingleby-Greenhow Corner. 
The re-entrant angle of the Cleveland escarpment at the eastern 
end is breached by a splendid overflow-channel, which had been 
identified as such (before I saw it) by my friend, the Rev. J. H. 
Hawell, M.A., F.G.8., who has accompanied me over much of the 
Cleveland area. It is a deep, square-cut notch, carrying no stream 
at present. Probably it drained a considerable part of the ice- 
margin for a long period. It has no complications, and is a simple 
example of the ‘ direct overflow.’ 
Kildale. 
This remarkable valley is as interesting to the geographer, and 
especially to the student of river-action, as to the glacialist.’ , 
Its trough is a nearly direct prolongation of the axis of Eskdale, 
and whatever cause is responsible for the selection by the Esk of its 
valley must also have determined the formation of Kildale. The 
1 The following remarks were written in their present form in August 1900, 
before I had any,knowledge of Mr. F. R. Cowper Reed’s work in the district. 
