Voloss:] GLACIER-LAKES IN THE CLEVELAND HILLS. Dike 
I have ascertained by levelling, that the watershed on the peat- 
bog at West Bank is 584 feet 6 inches above O.D. I made an 
almost complete traverse of the valley here, by a series of seven 
boreholes, extending from the edge of the valley on the south to the 
railway which is close to the north side of the valley. The first 
boring gave :— 
Feet. Feet. 
> Steer eeeeere tiles th. 20 yards N. Surface 5853 
Clay, soft clay or Beasts acetates Aur ccs 17 
peat. Hard blue : — 
sand in lower part. 65 5th. 20 yards north. 
Ee POaibirasis- ccktarieses tees 16 
18 or 5663 Gritty clay. 
== feet OLD), === 
16 
2nd. 15 yards to N. Surface 5853 feet. = 
6th. 20 yards north. 
28s eo ee = LAGI H o58 ecoecosobsopta 08 13 
ee ee ans Pe Impenetrable obstacle 
222 or 568 ae cod is 
= feet OAD) — 
F ae 7th. At the railway. 
Srd. 13 yards to N. Surface 5853 feet. Pati a eee 16 
_2 Es is Serer 164 Buttery blue clay with 
Getty clay .../...-. 03 particles of  grit- 
== SUOM Giron vesewteawitaar sees 1 
17 — 
| 
These borings, which were made by me, with the kind assist- 
ance of Mr. Robert B. Turton (of Kildale), show that, even if, as 
seems probable, the boreholes, with the exception of Nos. 4 & 6, 
actually reached the Lias, the rock-floor of the valley here is below 
the level of the Leven, and it is very hard to understand why 
that stream does not flow eastward to the Esk.’ Four possible 
explanations suggest themselves :— 
1. That the Leven has been diverted by human agency. 
2. That it has been obstructed by peat growing over a flat too broad to 
permit of free drainage. 
3. That it threw down a delta where it reached the flat, and that it sub- 
sequently flowed round the margin of that delta. 
4. That its old channel, now built up by peaty accumulation, is actually 
deeper than the rock-barrier at West House. 
The first of these has little to commend it, though the Leven 
is now controlled by an artificial embankment. Between the 
other explanations, in the absence of the necessary data, I do not 
attempt to judge. 
} [Other borings, made in January 1902, show that sandstone-rock comes to 
within 5 feet of the surface along the road between the watershed on Peat 
Carr and the River Leven; but borings beside the Leven were carried to a depth 
of 11 feet 8 inches in gritty clay. | 
Q J.G.8. No, 231. 2N 
