538 MR. P. F, KENDALL ON A SYSTEM OF (Aug. 1902, 
occurrence of the marginal channel which carried the drainage from 
Lake Iburndale and the ice-free country within the watershed. 
The upper part of this channel has already been referred to, in 
discussing the overflow of Iburndale. This valley, Biller-Howe Dale, 
opens upon the skyline at its head in the manner so characteristic 
of these lake-overflows. On its northern side, in the upper and 
streamless part, is an abandoned high-level oxbow separated from 
the main channel by a small hill of the solid rock of the country 
(see fig. 21). J interpret this to mean that the oxbow was a portion 
Fig. 21.-—View looking up Biller-Howe Dale. (The conical 
hili near the intake is isolated by the deserted oxbow.) 
[From a photograph by Mr. Godfrey Bingley. ] 
of the first-formed channel, which was overridden by the ice in a 
temporary advance during which the present channel was cut to such 
a depth, that, on the recession of the ice-front, any resumption of the 
first line of flow was impossible. Such cases are not uncommon in 
the Cleveland area, and especially in the portion yet to be described. 
From the point where Biller-Howe Dale makes a right-angled 
bend to the southward, aseries of three high-level channels can be 
traced running parallel with the great gorge which at present carries. 
the scanty drainage of this area. These three are really not so 
much an aligned sequence as one channel, the course of which has been 
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