Vol. 58.] LEESDALE, WEARDALE, AND THE TYNE VALLEY. d81 
the ground being very steep; but, so soon as the county-boundary 
is crossed, enormous ridges of red and somewhat gravelly clay are 
seen. These ridges run parallel to the valley, are much longer in 
proportion to their breadth than those of Teesdale, and are much 
more esker-like. Pasture Rigg (26) and Gross Hill are two of 
these ridges, and there are many others like them all the way 
down the valley ; in fact, thé valley-floor is covered with them. 
In the bed of the stream at Grains-o-th-Beck Bridge (28) a 
number of boulders of ‘Brockram’ occur, also many fragments of 
bright-red sandstone of Permian or Triassic origin. These are at a 
height of 1173 feet above Ordnance-datum, and are therefore con- 
siderably above the highest outcrop of the parent-rocks. 
At Lunehead Moss (29) the Drift is distributed in a much more 
uniform manner, conspicuous ridges being absent, such relief as 
does occur being attributable to post-Glacial erosion, which on these 
steep slopes has been severe. he deposits are bluish-black in 
colour, and contain some carbonaceous matter. Similar deposits 
occur in Arngill Beck, Hargill Beck, and Wemmergill Beck. In 
these deposits striated boulders are much Jess common than in those 
of the main valley. 
At Rigg House, about half-a-mile west of Wemmergill, long 
mounds of gravelly Drift with rocks from Edenside occur : while on 
the hillside above this is a sheet of similar material, which 
gradually thins out against the slope of Cocklake Side (30). 
Smithy Holm (31) consists of a plateau of red Boulder-Clay, 
packed with Triassic material, and containing many scratched 
stones. It ends against the River Lune in a steep scarp, where a 
good section is to be seen, and thins out against the ‘solid rocks’ 
of the hill. 
Bink-House Bank is a similar mound, and consists of similar 
material. 
Near Grassholm Bridge (32), slightly up-stream and on the right 
bank of the Lune, is a high cliff of Boulder-Clay, the edge of a 
Drift-plateau partly cut away by the river. The clay is tough 
and red, and contains a large quantity of Permo-Triassic material, 
together with boulders of local rocks, many of which are striated. 
The lower part of Lunedale is covered by long parallel ridges 
of Drift. These ridges run approximately east and west in Lune- 
dale; but, as they approach Teesdale, they curve round and run in 
a south-easterly direction, becoming continuous with the Drift of 
that valley. 
(3) Glacial Striz, ete. 
Nearly all the strize in this district are on the basalt of the Whin 
Sill. Considering the severity of the glaciation, and the abundance 
of hard rocks which are present in the Dale, the number of instances 
of striated surfaces is extremely small. This is, in all probability, 
to be accounted for by the very exposed nature of the country. 
Although striated surfaces are few, the rocks have nevertheless 
eJ.2G. 8. No. 23!. ZR 
