Vol. 58.] TEESDALE, WEARDALE, AND THE TYNE VALLEY, 583 
col at Cow Green (4), and so joined the ice of Harwood Beck, and 
eventually that which went by the more circuitous route of the 
present Valley of the Tees. The direction taken by this stream is 
marked by the strix at Bothermeer Sike, already mentioned, and 
by those at Sand Sike and Crag Nook, also by the direction of the 
axes of the Drift-hills on Widdybank Pastures (Gee jos Gite 
The Harwood-Beck ice flowed down the valley to its junction 
with Langdon Beck, where it becaine confluent with the ice from 
Cow Green. (See striz at Peghorn Lodge, p. 582.) 
That a large portion of the ice came “through the gorge below 
Cronkley Scar is shown by the fact that large numbers of “poulders 
of the Borrowdale volcanic rocks (which occur 7n ‘situ in the gorge) 
are to be found widely distributed in the Glacial Drift lower down 
the river; while they are entirely absent from similar deposits in 
that part of the valley which is above the point where they occur 
in situ. 
Although the main tlow of the ice was probably through these 
two paths (namely, Cronkley Gorge and Cow Green), nevertheless 
some appears to have passed not only over Widdybank Fell, but 
also over the summit of Cronkley Scar and Thistle Green (1798 feet). 
That these fells were overridden at the period of maximum glacia- 
tion is shown by the occurrence of boulders of basalt, which have 
been carried up on to the surface of an overlying bed of limestone, 
as already mentioned (p. 576). 
So far as 1 have been able to ascertain, there does not appear to 
have been any glacier in the valley of Maize Beck, as the Drift which 
occurs there is of an entirely different type from that of the main 
valley, the materials being of extremely local origin. One notes 
also a general absence of scratched stones and striated surfaces, 
although the conditions there are quite as favourable for their 
preservation as in any other part of the valley-system. 
The Drift is of a type similar to that which occurs in some of 
the smaller tributary “valleys which can be shown to have been 
occupied by lakes during the period under consideration, and to 
these I shall refer later (p. 585). 
After the reunion of the three streams of ice at Cronkley Green, 
the whole glacier swept down the Valley of the Tees, filling not 
only the narrow valley below the basalt-cliffs, but also a great part 
of the wide outer valley. A short distance below Middleton-in- 
Teesdale (the exact lne cannot be determined, owing to minor 
oscillations which have occurred), the Teesdale ice became confluent 
with that which flowed from HKdenside. 
The ice from Edenside, by way of Lunedale and Balderdale, 
owing to its steeper fall, thrust the ice of 'leesdale over on to the 
Durham side of the valley. Thus the Triassic material and the Shap 
Granite are confined to the right bank of the River Tees for some 
distance from the line of union of the Edetiside and Teesdale 
Glaciers, while the rocks from Teesdale proper are to be found 
plentifully on the slopes of the left bank. At the same time, 
the high ground between Lunedale and Balderdale ae entirely 
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