596 MR. A. R. DWERRYHOUSE ON THE GLACIATION OF [ Aug. 1902, 
gravelly bottom. The overflow of the tarn is by a small stream at 
the southern end at a height of 400 feet. ‘ 
North of Brampton Junction are numerous Drift-mounds, which 
have their longer axes approximately parallel and running south 
30° east. 
The country to the north-west of Brampton is flat, the hills 
of Drift only occurring near the Pennine Chain. I found large 
boulders of the following rocks between the Station and the town 
at Brampton, namely:—Dalbeattie Granite, Borrowdale voleanics 
(several varieties), Penrith Sandstone, Coal-Measure sandstone, 
andesitic breccia of the Yewdale type, and Silurian grit. 
There is a cutting near ‘ Westwood’ Brampton, which exhibits 
the following. section :—Red sandy material, current - bedded 
towards the south, and also much contorted and in places 
faulted. The sand is extremely fine, and contains some coherent 
beds a quarter of aninch thick. Below the sand isa red gravel, with 
pebbles of Borrowdale volcanics and fragments of shells. The shell- 
fragments are so small and friable, that I found it impossible to 
determine the genera. ‘This portion of Brampton is called Sands. 
In the town of Brampton itself are many large boulders of 
andesite used as corner-stones. 
In Gelt Woods, near Brampton, are quarries in Triassic sandstone. 
Immediately above this sandstone is a bed of fine red sand, between 
2 and 3 feet thick, and evidently derived from the underlying rock. 
Above this is a bed of red gravel containing pebbles of Borrowdale 
volcanics, Triassic sandstone, Buttermere granophyre, and Criffel 
Granite. 
IT was unable to find any basalt of the Great Whin Sill in the 
Drift of the Brampton district. 
Following up the Valley of the Irthing, I noticed: that the Drift 
became more clayey on the flanks of the valley, retaining, however, 
its gravelly character in the valley-bottom. At Upper Denton, 
near Gilsland, there is a moraine lying across the river-valley and 
considerably deflecting the stream. ‘This moraine has its concave 
side up-stream, and points to a late movement of ice down the. 
Irthing Valley. There are enormous masses of reddish gravelly 
clay in the neighbourhood of Gilsland. They are disposed in 
morainic hills, many of which are cut through by the river. 
Tn and about the village of Gilsland, and between the village and 
the Hydropathic establishment, are many large boulders of Criffel, 
Dalbeattie, and Eskdale Granite, Whin-Sill dolerite, Borrowdale 
andesite and andesitic breccia, and Carboniferous sandstone and 
Limestone ; Silurian grits, though less common, are well represented. 
Similar Drift, containing the same assemblage of rocks, occurs in 
large quantities in the valley of Tipalt Burn, which connects the 
Valley of the Irthing with that of the Tyne; and between the 
point where this burn joins the Tyne and the town of Haltwhistle 
a fine section of Drift is exposed on the left bank of the Tyne. The 
upper portion of the section consists of gravel, which is comparatively 
