Vol. 58. | THE RED SANDSTONE-ROCKS OF PEEL. 643 
due to their being let down into the Ordovician massif by the two 
boundary-faults, to the north and to the south. As we traverse the 
coast-line from Peel towards Will’s Strand, there are two areas which 
need special notice (fig. 4, p. 638, & PI. TOO ye the foreshore and 
headland, between Cain’s 
Fig. 5.—Sheured sandstone parallel to Strand and Whitestrand, 
the fault, Cain’s Strand. and those between the 
— ) latter and Will’s Strand. 
In the first of these, a 
fault traverses the head- 
land and runs across the 
—————_ re foreshore in a direction 
[A length of 8 feet is shown.] west 18° north, by which 
the Gob Sandstones. (C) 
have been thrust over the bright red, mottled sandstones of D. 
Along this line the rocks are sheared, the planes of shearing inter- 
secting the planes of bedding, and dividing the rock into lenticular 
and diamond-shaped masses, with surfaces more or less scored ot 
slickensided. Close to the cave on the foreshore, the shearing is 
parallel to the fault (fig. 5). To the north of this fault the 
headland is sheared, and is traversed by a second fault (? over- 
thrust), 20 feetr wide, full of smashed angular blocks, both great 
and small. This occupies the foreshore to the south of White- 
strand, where we may observe that the red colour of the rocks 
has been discharged along the lines of crush. To the north of 
Whitestrand, the same division of the Peel Sandstone (C) has been 
thrust over the Stack Series (E) in a southerly direction, along 
a gentle ascending plain (see fig. 6, p. 644). Here the crushing 
is most marked, the sandstone being crushed into the marls, 
and both presenting characteristic lenticular shearing-structure. 
The whole of the headland on the north is sheared, tolded, and 
broken, up to the northern boundary-fault, the dull red sandstones 
being folded, and the thin interstratified marls being crushed and 
squeezed out of their normal position. 
The age of these disturbances is taken by Mr. Lamplugh " to be 
post-Carboniferous and pre-Permian. He assigns it rightly, in my 
opinion, to the same period as the remarkable overthrust-faults in 
the Carboniferous Limestone and volcanic rocks of the south of 
the island. As the rocks under consideration are Permian, the 
period of the faulting is clearly post-Permian. It 
belongs probably to the great system of earth-movement, which has 
left its mark in the Axis of Artois in Northern France, Somerset, 
South Wales, and Ireland, which took place in the interval between 
the latest Palzozoic and the earliest Mesozoic rocks. That it 
is pre-Triassic is proved by the fact that the Triassic rocks, 
in the borings in the north of the island, overlie these Permian 
rocks unconformably, occupying the same relation to them as the 
Triassic to the Permian, on the flanks of the Pennine Chain. 
These disturbances in the Permian of the Isle of Man are repre- 
sented in the Upper Eden Valley by the high and irregular dips of 
1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe, vol. lvi (1900) p. 22. 
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