PRESIDENTIAL ADD HESS. 29 



been established about 800 miles from the Pole. Mawson's 

 expedition is working along the Antarctic Circle, 1500 

 miles north of the Geographic Pole, but fairly close to the 

 Magnetic Pole, and perhaps actually within its area. The 

 Japanese apparently had no expectation of reaching the 

 Pole, but may perhaps be described as having registered 

 their claim as an exploring nation. Lastly, the German 

 expedition — one of the most completely equipped — has 

 presumably entered the pack ice of the Weddell Sea at a 

 point immediately opposite the Ross Sea region. Here 

 Bruce, in 1904, found tlie permanent ice barrier covering a 

 land which he named Ooatsland. It is 1,200 miles from 

 the Pole. 



It will be seen that Amundsen, who placed his camp on 

 the Ross Ice Barrier, remote from visible land, was con- 

 cerned almost entirely with the attainment of the South 

 Pole. But, in the course of his long journey, it seems 

 probable that he encountered more new land than will be 

 mapped by any of his friendly rivals. In addition to his 

 advance to the Pole, Scott, relied no less on those members 

 of his expedition remaining at head quarters and sledging 

 west and north to increase the value of his expedition. 

 Only half his officers accompanied him south, the remainder 

 being engaged in subsidiary exploration and scientific work 

 at three far-distant stations. 



In the summer of 1910-11, Scott fixed his head quarters 

 almost midway between Shackleton's of 1907 and his old 

 Discovery Hut of 1902. Owing to his early start — 28th 

 November — he was able to complete his hut and leave for 

 depot-laying and exploration on the 24th January. He had 

 time to lay a depot of a ton of supplies near the 80th 

 Parallel and even more at a point about one degree further 

 north. Another important result was the experience gained 

 in handling the ponies on the Barrier Ice and in blizzards. 



