78 B. BRADLEY. 



of the modern conceptions of the relationship of such 

 organism to cases of paratyphoid fever, and one sometimes 

 is inclined to resent the way German authors especially, 

 pass over this American's work in favour of Schottmuller's 

 first contribution. The work of Gushing (1900) (17) and 

 Schottmuller (1900 and 1901),( 18 > Libman (1902),< 19 ) Long- 

 cope (1902),( 2 °) Johnston (1902),( 21 > Hewlett (1902)/ 22 ) Boy- 

 cott (1906)/ 23 ) Ruge and Rogge (1908V 24 ) Bainbridge 

 (1911,) (25) as well as that of other authors have clearly 

 shown that in certain generally mild cases clinically enteric 

 fever there can be recovered bacilli of two types which are 

 generally known as paratyphosus A and B, the latter of 

 which is, culturally, practically identical with Gaertner's 

 original B. enteritidis. 



In 1897 Sanarelli (26) isolated from a large number of cases 

 of yellow fever, a bacillus subsequently shown by Reid and 

 Carroll (27) to belong to this group, and though subsequent 

 investigations have not confirmed his original opinion that 

 it was the cause of this disease, it seems well enough 

 established that its frequent association with the disease 

 is substantially correct. 



Another important situation in which Gaertner type 

 bacilli are found is in association with "hog cholera " now 

 conclusively shown by Dorset, Bolton and McBryde (28) and 

 others, to be caused by a filter passer. Here it is almost 

 certainly to be reckoned as playing a very important, 

 though subsidiary part in the causation of the disease. 



A filter passer caused disease of guinea pigs has also been 

 shown by Petrie and 0'Brien/ 29) O'Brien,( 30) to be associ- 

 ated with bacilli of the Gaertner group. 



Normal guinea pigs, MacConkey (1906), (31) mice and 

 occasionally normal pigs, Savage (1906-7), (32) have been 

 shown to harbour similar bacilli. Savage also found a 

 Gaertner type organism in a healthy calf. 



