THE GLACIAL DEPOSITS OF NORTHERN PEMBROKESHIRE. (fa 
one time 15 feet deep, and the bottom of the sand was not then reached. 1 to 3 
feet of stony-drift cap the sandy beds at the surface. 
At a distance of 50 yards further south the railway cutting has passed through 
10 feet of similar very loose sand, in which fragments of marine shells occur plentifully. 
The town of Fishguard is, in part at any rate, built on sandy deposits, and a good 
exposure is seen in a quarry on the roadside going down Fishguard Hill to 
Goodwick Bay. It consists of yellowish sand and fine gritty gravel of the usual kind, 
which near the top becomes more of a loamy, stony drift. North of the town gravel- 
pits are common in the fields, and at Pwll Landdu on the coast, east of Castle Point, 
the cliff is largely made up of gravel and a ferruginous sand, capped by a yellowish 
boulder-clay full of stones. 
A little north of the valley of the Gwaen, at Tre-llan, near Llanllawer, fine yellow 
sand occurs on the lower slope of the hill of Ceunant. 
It would be useless to mention every spot where the sands and gravels are to be 
seen. They occur in patches all the way to Cardigan, being especially well seen 
in Liwyn-y-Gwaer Park. 
The highest level attained in this part of Pembrokeshire by the sands and gravels 
is at Pen Creigiau Cemmaes, just off the road leading from Nevern to Cardigan, and 
four miles distant from the latter place. Sand occurs at the top of the hill, at an — 
elevation of 640 feet. Most of the hill-top is evidently of sandy material, and in a pit 
a section 8 feet deep is seen, showing very fine yellowish sand passing downwards into 
darker and more gritty material. There is only a faint trace of bedding. The bottom 
is not seen. This spot is nearly three miles distant from the coast. Chalk-flints and 
well-rounded pebbles of quartz are found. A few yards down the hill on the northern 
side are other small exposures, about 4 feet deep, showing more pebbly sand with 
rounded boulders ; and on the southern side, immediately below the main road to 
Cardigan, is a gravel-pit, in which are seen rounded and sub-angular stones, some a foot 
in length. Chalk-flints and pebbles of white quartz were common, and a boulder of 
Millstone Grit and of a reddish granitoid rock foreign to the district were picked up. 
Also two pebbles of a muscovite granite. These will be referred to again below. A 
rough kind of stratification could be seen—layers of small gravelly pebbles separating 
beds of coarse shingle. ‘The pit is 8 to 10 feet deep. 
At Pant-gwyn, half a mile north of Pen Creigiau, sand is seen in a pit, and it is 
darker and more gritty than that on the hill-top. c 
Deposits of material resembling marine sands are met with even north of Cardigan, 
as at Bane-y-warren, but this is outside the area embraced in this paper. 
Similar deposits are found far inland, even south of the Precelly hills. A few 
yards south of Rose-bush there is a sand-pit on the western side of the railway. A 
diagrammatic section of it is shown in fig. 2. The lower part is hidden by a talus 
slope. Above this comes 4 to 5 feet of fine yellow sand, very ferruginous in places. 
The sand becomes a little clayey or loamy in the eastern half of the section, and is. 
