314 PROFESSOR E. A. SCHAFER AND DR H. J. SCHARLIEB ON THE 
the tissues; the effect of the chloroform solution on the endothelium of the vessels 
being such as to render the capillaries more permeable to saline solution. 
The following experiment will serve as an example of the results obtained with weak solutions of 
chloroform in Ringer’s solution. The numbers represent the amount flowing through the vessels in equal 
periods of time. < 
Immediately before chloroform perfusion ; ; ; : . 28°5 cc. 
During perfusion of fluid containing 1 part chleee foal in “20, 000 : : : : ; 22°5 ,, 
Immediately after perfusion of chloroform-Ringer . : ‘st period’ ~ ‘ : IW Aen 
PAG Uo i 5 ; PH as 
3rd_si,, : ‘ ‘ 25 
Perfusion of Mammalian Vessels with Chloroform dissolved in Ringer's Fluid. 
The kidney, leg, and heart of the cat, rabbit, or dog were employed, and the method 
of perfusion was the same as for the frog, except that the head of pressure was higher 
(80 to 100 mm. Hg.). The Ringer solution had the composition: NaCl, 9 grammes ; 
CaCl,, 0°24 gramme; KCl, 0°42 gramme; NaHCO,, 0°1 gramme; distilled water, 
1 litre, and was warmed to 38° C. by being passed through a glass spiral contained in — 
a water-bath before being conducted to the organ to be perfused, which was itself also 
kept in a warm chamber at the same temperature. The perfused fluid was either 
collected in a graduated measure and the amount flowing in a given time recorded, or 
it was caused to work an automatic “tilter,’ so arranged that every 7 c.c. of fluid 
produced a see-saw of the tilter, and this was recorded by a magnetic signal. In some 
experiments Ringer’s solution, containing a known percentage of chloroform, was, after 
the normal record of flow had been obtained, allowed to pass for a certain time through 
the vessels in place of the ordinary Ringer, and was then again replaced by ordinary 
Ringer, the rate being recorded before, during, and after the passage. In other 
experiments a chloroform-Ringer of known strength was injected by a fine hypodermic 
needle through the indiarubber supply-tube of the perfusion apparatus, so as to mix 
with the inflowing normal Ringer. The amount of dilution of the chloroform-Ringer 
so perfused was calculated from the amount of fluid flowing through the kidney during 
the actual time occupied by the injection. This method has the advantages (1) that 
the chloroform solution only acts for a short time upon the kidney vessels, and is less 
liable to cause a permanently deleterious effect ; and (2) that the conditions of flow are 
maintained the same throughout, for if the injection is performed very gradually, no 
perceptible increase of pressure is caused by it. (It is scarcely possible to change the 
flow from one vessel to another, as in the ordinary method of testing perfusion, without 
causing a temporary effect of some kind upon the pressure of the perfusing fluid.) 
The results yielded by these methods show that in mammalian as in frog’s vessels 
the effect of chloroform solutions of a certain strength is to cause marked constriction of 
the arterioles and consequent diminution in the rate of flow of the perfusing liquid. If © 
the flow lasts for a short time only, the rate is soon recovered, but prolonged perfusion 
