410 SIR WILLIAM TURNER 
GESNER and SALVIANUS, in their respective treatises, written in the sixteenth century, 
described such parasites, and RoNDELETIUS and GxESNER figured specimens from the 
tunny. 
Boccone published in 1674 an account of parasites found on the swordfish, Xiphias, 
implanted in its flesh, which he named Sangsue or ‘“‘ Hirudo cauda utrinque pinnata,” 
and he gave a figure. It would seem as if this animal was different from that described 
by RonpeLerius and Gesnrr. Boccone had figured a very interesting object, named 
by him a “ poux” or “ pediculus,” as big as a pea, attached to the ventral surface of the 
parasite, immediately in front of the genital openings. He stated that it was fixed as 
firmly to the parasite as a limpet was to a rock. I am disposed to regard this so-called 
‘“pediculus” as the male of the female parasite to which it was attached. Its small size 
compared with that. of the female, and its position and attachment close to the genital 
openings, corresponded with that of the male of the parasitic crustacean, Chondra- 
canthus lophii, described and figured by Dr H..S. Witson and myself in 1862. 
Linnaus, in the Systema Nature, 1758, classed amongst the Vermes Zoophyta the — 
genus Pennatula or Sea Pens, and he named the parasite described by Boccons, which 
infests Xiphias, Pennatula filosa. In 1759 J. L. OpHELIus contributed to the Amam- 
tates Academice of Linna&vs, a dissertation entitled ‘‘Chinensia Lagerstromiana,’* — 
in which he gave the characters of Pennatula sagitta (p. 257, and fig. 13), a parasite 
infesting Lophius histrio, the sea-bat of the China Sea. Joun ELuis reproduced in 
1764 Bocconr’s figure of P. filosa and OpHELIUS’S figure of P. sagitta. In 1802 
Ho.ren recognised a parasite on the flying fish, Hxocetus volitans, which he named — 
P. exoceti, specimens of which, burrowing into the abdominal cavity of that fish, have 
been recently described, 1901, by Mr ANDREW Scort. 
OKEN classed the Lernzeidze amongst the Mollusca, removed these parasites from the 
Sea Pens, Pennatula, and placed them in a distinct genus, Pennella, whilst 
Dr BLaInvILLE suggested Lerneopenna as the generic name. CuviER and naturalists — 
generally had adopted Oxen’s term, though some preferred the spelling Penedla. 
Additional species were discovered from time to time. CHAMIsso and HyYSENHARDT — 
described Penella diodontis from the branchizee of Drodontis mola, captured in the — 
Pacific; DEKkay named P. sagitta as adhering to Diodon pilosus, and von NorpDMANN, 
in his description of P. sagitta from Lophius marmoratus, thought that it and DmKay’s 
specimen were the same species. ANGuS found a parasite on a species of Coryphena — 
near the gills, which Wit11am Bairp named Penella pustulosa. Mitne HpwWaRDs — 
stated that Pennella sultana had been found in the mouth of Carenx ascensorwus. 
SreENstRUP and LUTKEN gave an account of 2. varians which infested a “ Dolphin,” — 
the species of which was not determined. E. Percrvat Wricur described Pennella 
orthagorisct from specimens obtained from Orthagoriscus mola caught in Cork har-— 
bour in 1869. They were implanted in the skin on either side of the dorsal fin, and the 
total length of the parasite from the head to the anal opening was 7 inches. He 
* Named after the Swedish Councillor, Magnus LagerstROM. 
