722 MR FRANCIS J. LEWIS 
The mosses lying on the 25-feet raised beaches contain no Arctic plants, and 
the general facies of the vegetation agrees with that in the upper layers of the 
older mosses inland. The basal layers consist of birch, hazel, and alder, which 
give place above to wet-condition plants such as Sphagnum, Eriophorum, and 
Phragmites. 
Birch is represented in the basal layers of all the Scottish mosses described in this 
paper, and birch has also been found in the lower layers of some of the Highland peat, 
as described by Mr Croveu in the East Ross district (17). 
In conclusion, I wish to express my thanks to Professor J. Gerkiz, LL.D., F.RB.S., 
for much kindly advice and help during the progress of the work; and to Dr Horns, 
K.R.S., for kindly lending me Geological Survey maps and lists of all the Scottish 
peat mosses, and for his valuable advice during the progress of the field work. 
I am also much indebted to Mr Cremenr Ret, F.R.S., for kindly mee several 
of the seeds from the different layers. 
The scientific expenses of this investigation have been defrayed by a grant faa 
the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society. 
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vol. i1., 1888. 
“The Origin of the British Flora,” 1899. 
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(3) AnpERsSoN, GuNNaAR, ‘Svenska Vaxvarldens Historia.” Stockholm. 
(4) Guixie, J., “ The Great Ice Age,” 1894, p. 614. 
(5) Hinxman, L. W., Trans. Geol. Soc. Edin., vol. vi., p. 249. 
(6) Smita, W. G., and Moss, C. E., “Distribution of Vegetation in N. Yorks.,” Geographical Journ., 
April 1903. 
(7) Lewis, F. J., “Distribution of Vegetation of the Basins of the Rivers Eden, Tees, Tyne, and Wear,” 
Part I. Geographical Journ., March 1904. 
(8) Warmine, E., “ Ueber Gronland’s Vegetation,” Engler’s Jahrbiicher, Bd. x. 1888. 
(9) Surry, Ropert, “ Botanical Survey of Scotland,” Part I. Scottish Geographical Mag., July 1900. 
(10) Lewis, F. J., “Distribution of Vegetation of the Basins of the Rivers Eden, Tees, Tyne, and Wear,” 
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(11) Jamizson, T. F., “The History of the Last Geological Changes in Scotland,” Quart. Journ. Geol, 
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(12) Gerkig, J., “ Prehistoric Europe,” 1881, p. 390. 
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(14) Buyniz, James, “Arctic Plant-beds in Scotland,” Ann. Scottish Nat. Hist., January 1894 and 
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(15) Lewis, F. J., “Interglacial and Postglacial Beds of the Cross Fell District,” Brit. Assoc. Reports, 
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(16) Gurnig, J., “Prehistoric Europe.” 1881. 
(17) “Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey” for 1893, p. 87. 
