68 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



The cranium was an elongated ovoid, though the sides were not so vertical as in 

 many dolichocephalic skulls of the aborigines ; the parieto-squamous diameter was con- 

 siderably greater than the Stephanie ; a low sagittal ridge was associated with a 

 moderate slope outwards to the parietal eminences. The length-breadth index, 73*1, 

 was dolichocephalic, and the frontal and parietal longitudinal arcs were almost of the 

 same length ; the breadth and height were equal. The forehead was retreating ; the 

 glabella and supra-orbital ridges were moderate. The slope downwards from the 

 obelion was steeper than in the more dolichocephalic crania ; the occipital squama was 

 prominent and projected behind the inion. The nasion was not depressed ; the bridge 

 of the nose was sharp and laterally compressed ; the nasal spine of the superior maxillae 

 was strong, and a sharp ridge separated the floor of the nose from the incisive region 

 of the jaw. The nasal index, 48*9, was almost leptorhine, and the gnathic index, 92*3, 

 was orthognathic. The orbital index, 92*1, showed the height of the orbit to be 

 almost equal to its breadth; the palato-alveolar arch, 132*6, was strongly brachy- 

 uranic. In its complete facial index, 88, the face was chamseprosopic. The upper 

 wisdom teeth were fully erupted, the lower were appearing ; the upper incisive fossae 

 were deep. The skull was not metopic ; there were no Wormian bones. A small 

 epipteric bone was in the left pterion. The hard palate was strongly arched ; the 

 occipital condyles were flattened ; the left jugular foramen was partially blocked by a 

 growth from the petrous-temporal ; the left jugal process was tuberculated. The lower 

 jaw was feeble. The skull was cryptozygous, and rested behind on its lower occipital 

 surface. The cubic capacity was 1305 c.c, and the cranium was microcephalic. 



Kandh. Table I. 



The Kandhs, Kondhs, or Khonds are regarded as Dravidians. The name signifies 

 mountaineer, and they constitute one of the most important aboriginal tribes in Orissa, 

 where they occupy an elevated plateau, intersected by ranges of hills called Kandhmals ; 

 but they are also scattered through the tributary states of Orissa. An interesting 

 account of the people and their customs has been given both by Major Macpherson and 

 by Colonel Dalton. The latter writer states that the men are physically a fine race, more 

 so than the Gonds, Bhuiy&s, and Pans. They are as tall as the average Hindu, and 

 not much darker in complexion. He regards them as a mixed race, a blend of the 

 Kol, Gond, and Aryan. They worship their own deities, one of the most important 

 being the earth-god or goddess. They are an agricultural people, and before they 

 came under British influence they made human sacrifices to the earth-goddess, and 

 practised female infanticide. Their clothing is scanty, and consists of a waistcloth 

 passed between the thighs. The long hair is tied into a horn-like projection between 

 the eyes. The cheeks and forehead are tattooed. The Kandhs practise cremation. 

 The unmarried young men have a common dormitory, and the girls also have a house 

 assigned to them. Marriage is between adults, and not during infancy ; widows may 



