CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 69 



remarry. They are inveterate drunkards. In the Census Report for 1891, 627,388 

 persons are returned as Kandhs, though only 320,071 speak the tribal language. 



I ha,ve had the opportunity of examining two skulls said to be those of Kandhs. 

 One was presented to me by a former pupil, now Major Wm. B. Bannerman, M.D. 

 It was that of a man named Judisther Jani, an inhabitant of the village of Bhatpara, 

 in the Khonda subdivision of the commissionership of Orissa. The man had been 

 hanged for murder in the jail at Cuttack. Another specimen, No. 556, in the Indian 

 Museum, was presented by Dr W. D. Stewart, and was obtained from the Kandhmals. 

 It was that of a woman said to be 18 years old, and 5 feet 1 inch in stature. 



The male skull was that of an adult. The teeth were more worn in the upper 

 jaw than in the lower. The sutures were unossified, and if it had not been for the 

 worn condition of the molars, one would have regarded the man as about 30 years 

 of age. 



In the norma verticalis the skull was broadly ovoid with no sagittal ridge, and 

 with a moderate slope from the suture to the parietal eminences. In the proportion 

 of length and breadth the cranium was mesaticephalic, 7 8 '5, and nearer therefore to 

 the brachycephalic than the dolichocephalic standard. The parietal arc was only 

 1 mm. longer than either the frontal or occipital. The height was greater than the 

 breadth, and the vertical index was 81 '4, akrocephalic. 



In the norma lateralis the glabella and supra-orbital ridges were moderate, the 

 forehead was slightly receding, the vertex was moderately arched, and the slope back- 

 wards into the occipital squama was gentle. A slight want of symmetry was noticed 

 in the occipital squama, but not sufficient to lead one to infer that there had been 

 intentional parieto-occipital flattening. The skull was cryptozygous, and rested behind 

 on the occipital condyles. The nasion was not depressed ; the nasal bones were slender, 

 and the osseous bridge was depressed and slightly concave. The nasal spine of the 

 superior maxillae was moderate, and the floor of the nose passed into the incisive region 

 of the upper jaw without the interposition of a dividing ridge. The upper jaw was 

 orthognathic. The complete facial index was 84*3, — i.e., chamseprosopic ; the nasal 

 index was platyrhine, and the orbital index was microseme. The palate was remarkably 

 deep and brachyuranic. The lower jaw was well formed and with a strong chin. A 

 large epipteric bone was in each pterion. The cubic capacity of the cranium was micro- 

 cephalic, 1325 c.c. 



The female skull, No. 556, from the Kandhmals, was that of a young woman, and 

 the wisdom teeth were not erupted. A slight transverse constriction was seen behind 

 the coronal suture. Its breadth was great in relation to the length. The parieto- 

 occipital region was steepish but not flattened; the cephalic index, 84*2, placed it 

 amongst the brachycephalic. The parietal arc was much longer than either the frontal 

 or occipital. The vertex was flattened ; the frontal and parietal eminences were promi- 

 nent, the forehead was vertical, all of which are sexual characters. The height was 

 considerably below the breadth, and the vertical index was 77 '4. The bridge of the 



