CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 77 



Of the sixteen crania, No. 604, stated in the museum list to be Jattia Munda, of 

 Bhowro village, near Ranchi, differed so greatly in the form and proportions of the 

 cranium from the others, that it will be described in a separate paragraph (p. 79). The 

 following description applies therefore to fifteen skulls, and of these No. 444 consisted 

 only of the calvaria. The lower jaw was absent in several specimens. 



The crania presented in the norma verticalis an elongated ovoid form, with steep 

 sides and moderate parietal eminences. The sagittal region showed no special ridge or 

 flattening, nor was the slope outwards to the parietal eminence, though distinct, so 

 marked as one sees in some aborigines. In the males, the glabello-occipital length ranged 

 from 165 to 191 mm., and the greatest breadth from 123 to 141 mm. In three crania 

 the cephalic index was below 70, hyper-dolichocephalic ; in ten it ranged from 70 to 75, 

 dolichocephalic ; in two it was between 75 and 76, essentially dolichocephalic, though 

 numerically in the mesaticephalic group. The mean cephalic index of the fifteen crania 

 was 72. In these skulls the occipital was the smallest of the three longitudinal arcs, 

 except in one specimen where it exceeded the frontal ; usually the parietal had the 

 longest arc, but in five specimens the frontal was the longer. In the males, the basi- 

 bregmatic height ranged from 126 to 141 mm. ; in the females from 126 to 130 mm. 

 The mean vertical index in the fifteen crania was 7 3 '4, i.e., metriocephalic. The basi- 

 bregmatic height exceeded the greatest breadth in ten skulls ; in four it was less, and in 

 two the diameters were equal. 



The forehead in the men did not much recede, and the skull sloped gently 

 backwards in the parieto -occipital region ; as a rule, the occipital squama was rounded, 

 and projected behind the inion. The glabella and supra-orbital ridges were moderate ; 

 as a rule the nasion was not depressed. The nasal bones were not large, and the bridge 

 was either feeble or only moderately projected. The nasal spine of the superior maxillae 

 was moderate. In some specimens a ridge demarcated the floor of the nose from the incisive 

 region ; but as a rule, they rounded off into each other. The mean nasal index in 

 fourteen skulls was 52'1, high in the mesorhine series; but in the individual specimens, 

 whilst five were markedly platyrhine, seven were mesorhine, and two were leptorhine ; 

 eight skulls were microseme, and the mean orbital index of the series was 83 '5, i.e., 

 microseme ; but the range of variation was considerable, so that three were in the 

 megaseme group and three were mesoseme. The mean gnathic index of the series was 

 96*6, i.e., orthognathous ; no specimen was prognathous, and only six were mesogna- 

 thous. In the male skulls the greatest interzygomatic breadth was 133 mm., but the 

 mean often specimens was only 128 '4, which is materially below the measurements of 

 the face breadth given in Part I. of this memoir, in the Chinese, Burmese, Nagas, and 

 Esquimaux. Owing to the lower jaw being absent in several specimens, the nasio- 

 mental diameter could only be taken in eight skulls, all of which were chamseprosopic, 

 and the mean of the series was 84*8. The mean palato-maxillary index was brachy- 

 uranic, 12T7, and only one skull was below the lowest term of that group. 



One skull, that of a woman, was metopic. The sutures were as a rule distinct. 



