CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 85 



The skulls resembled each other in the norma verticalis ; they were elongated ovoids, 

 with distinct parietal eminences, and with a moderate slope outwards from the sagittal 

 suture. They were both dolichocephalic, the mean length -breadth index being 72*2 ; in 

 Bitna the parietal arc was a little longer than the frontal, but in Sookeam the occipital 

 arc had the unusual diameter, 129 mm., and was longer than either the frontal or 

 parietal. In each skull the basi-bregmatic height was slightly less than the breadth. 

 The forehead was moderately receding, and the glabella and supra-orbital ridges were not 

 prominent ; the crania sloped gently backwards and downwards from the obelion ; the 

 occipital squama was rounded and prominent. The upper jaw slightly projected, and 

 the gnathic index, mesognathous, was 101 and 102. The nasion was shallow ; the 

 bridge of the nose was concave vertically ; the nasal spine of the superior maxillae was 

 moderate, and the anterior nares were rounded at the junction of the side-wall and floor. 

 The nasal index in Bitna was markedly platyrhine ; in Sookeam it was mesorhine, and in 

 his skull the face was chamseprosopic. In both skulls the orbital index was microseme ; 

 in one the palato-maxillary index was mesuranic, in the other in the lower term of the 

 brachuranic group. In No. 22 the arch of the palate was much deeper than in No. 23. 

 Both crania were barely cryptozygous, and they rested behind on the cerebellar part 

 of the occiput. In Bitna the wisdoms were erupted, in the other skull in process of 

 eruption ; the incisor fossae were deeper than the canine. The frontal suture was closed, 

 but the other sutures were not ossified. In No. 23, small Wormian bones were in the 

 lambdoidal suture, but there were no other special abnormalities. The muscular ridges 

 were fairly developed. In Bitna the cranial capacity was only 1280 c.c, i.e., micro- 

 cephalic, whilst in Sookeam the capacity, 1435 c.c, placed it high in the mesocephalic 

 group. 



Juang. Table V. 



The Juangs are a non-Aryan tribe living in the hill districts of Dhekanai and 

 Keunjhar, two of the tributary states of Orissa. Dalton groups them with the 

 Kolarians on account of some affinities of language, but he also says that, whilst they 

 have adopted many Uriya words, they employ vocables which cannot be connected with 

 any Aryan, Kolarian, or Dravidian language. They are a primitive people, and claim 

 to be the autochthones in Keunjhar. They are remarkably shy and timid. The stature 

 of the men is somewhat less than 5 feet, that of the women about 4 feet 8 inches ; the 

 forehead is upright, but narrow and low ; nasal bones depressed, alse of nose spreading ; 

 mouth large, lips thick, upper jaw rarely prognathous, chin receding ; hair coarse and 

 frizzly ; prevailing colour of skin a reddish brown ; the jaw is flat, and the cheek bones 

 are strongly projecting. The women tattoo the forehead and temples. Those seen by 

 D alton were not clothed, but wore a girdle composed of several strings of beads from 

 which depended scanty curtains of leaves. The men wear a small cotton loin cloth. 

 They had no knowledge of metals or pottery. They cremate the dead, and place the 

 body on the bier with the head to the south ; the ashes are thrown into a running 



