86 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



stream. Their huts are low, and measure about 6 feet by 8 ; but the boys of the village 

 occupy a common dormitory. Marriage takes place between adults, and widows may 

 remarry. They are exogamous. They are semi-nomadic in their habits, cultivate the 

 ground sparingly, and eat all kinds of flesh. Little is known of their religious creed, 

 and they make sacrifices to the sun and earth. 11,171 persons were said in 1891 to 

 speak the tribal language. 



The Indian Museum contains two skulls from Keunjhar in the Orissa hills, stated 

 in the MS. Catalogue to be those of Juangs. They were presented by Dr Stewart in 

 1868. The larger skull, No. 443, is that of a man. The smaller, No. 446, is that of 

 a woman. The male skull in the norma verticalis was an elongated ovoid, sloping 

 steeply from the sagittal suture to the parietal eminences, below which the side walls 

 of the skull were almost vertical. The cephalic index was 73"2, and the skull was 

 dolichocephalic in form and proportions. In both, the parietal longitudinal arc exceeded 

 the frontal. The height in the male was greater than the breadth, and the vertical index 

 was 79 "3. The glabella and supra-orbital ridges were moderate, the forehead was not 

 specially receding, the slope from the obelion was not precipitous, and the occipital 

 squama above the inion was not prominent, but there was no evidence of parieto-occipital 

 flattening. The fronto-nasal suture was shallow ; the nasal bones were short, narrow, 

 concave forwards, and only slightly projecting. The canine and incisor fossse were not 

 specially marked ; the skull was barely cryptozygous, it rested behind on the mastoids. 

 The occipital bone sloped steeply upwards from the foramen magnum to the inion. 

 The muscular ridges and processes were moderate ; the sutures were simple and often 

 with two small Wormian bones in the lambdoidal suture. The parieto-sphenoid articu- 

 lations were broad. The sockets of the teeth were broken, and there were no marked 

 osseous irregularities. 



The female skull was much smaller ; it was more flattened on the vertex than the 

 male. Proportionally it was not so elongated, and its cephalic index was 77*4. The 

 height was a little less than the breadth, and the vertical index was 76 '2. The fore- 

 head was more vertical, and the glabella and supra-orbital ridges were feeble ; the 

 occipital squama above the inion was more projecting, and below the inion it was not 

 so steep as in the male skull. There was no evidence of parieto-occipital flattening. 

 The nasal bones were larger than in the man, but the bridge of the nose had a similar 

 curvature. The canine fossae were more hollowed out, and the teeth were much worn 

 down. The cranial sutures were in process of obliteration ; small Wormian bones were 

 present in the lambdoidal suture ; the parieto-sphenoid articulation was moderately 

 broad. The mastoids were very feeble. The skull was cryptozygous, and rested behind 

 on the occipital condyles. 



Both crania were orthognathous and platyrhine. The proportions of the orbit in 

 the woman were microseme, and in the man megaseme. The cranial capacity of the 

 woman was very low, 1030 c.c. ; but in the man it reached 1420 c.c. 



