90 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



Aryan people. He supports this view by citing the prevalence of different social 

 customs as well as religious differences. Some are orthodox Hindus, others worship 

 gods not included in the Hindu mythology. As regards marriage, both infant and adult 

 marriage prevail ; widow marriage is allowed by some, but forbidden by others. Some 

 groups permit marriage within the group, whilst others are exogamous. Cremation is 

 practised by the Kamars. 



I have examined the skull of a Kamar named Bhudny, from Hazaribagh, said to 

 be a woman, presented to me by Dr J. J. Hedley Wood ; also that of a Lohar, who 

 died at Ranchi, No. 600 in the India Museum. 



The Kamar skull, ovoid in its general form, was long in relation to the breadth ; 

 its sides were vertical, but it was not so roof-shaped as in some of the dolichocephali ; 

 the length-breadth index was 74, and the frontal longitudinal arc was the longest. 

 The basi-bregmatic corresponded with the greatest parieto-squamous diameter. The 

 projection of the glabella and supra-orbital ridges gave one the impression of a male 

 rather than a female cranium, but the forehead receded very slightly, and the vertex 

 was inclined to be flattened ; the parieto-occipital region sloped gently into a rounded 

 occipital squama. The nasion was a little depressed ; the bridge of the nose was con- 

 cave, but projected at the tip ; the nasal spine of the superior maxillae was moderate, 

 and a low ridge separated the floor of the nose from the incisive region. The anterior 

 nares were large and platyrhine, the upper jaw was orthognathous ; the orbits were 

 mesoseme, and the palate was brachyuranic. There was no lower jaw. The teeth were 

 only slightly worn, though some were carious ; the canine and incisive fossae were deep. 

 The sutures were unossified ; from their condition and that of the teeth the age was 

 probably about 30. There were no Wormian bones, but a large epipteric was in each 

 pterion ; with this exception no osseous irregularities were observed. The cranial 

 capacity was 1230 c.c. 



The Lohar skull was probably that of a female. Its breadth bore to the length a 

 proportion which placed the cranium in the lower term, 76 '5, of the mesaticephalic group, 

 and the greatest breadth was about the squamous suture ; the frontal longitudinal arc 

 was the longest. The height was somewhat greater than the breadth, and the vertical 

 index was 77 '1. The left parieto-occipital region was a little flattened. The nasal bones 

 had but little projection,, and the bridge was concave vertically ; the nasal spine of 

 the superior maxillae was small. The nose was relatively narrow and with a leptorhine 

 index ; the upper jaw was orthognathous, the orbit was mesoseme, and the palate was 

 brachyuranic. The face was chamaeprosopic. The cranial capacity, 1240 c.c, was 

 microcephalic. 



Ahir-Godld. Table V. 



The Goalds or Gopas are the pastoral caste of India, extensively diffused in the 

 North- West Provinces, the valley of the Ganges, Behar, Orissa, and Chuta N&gpur. 

 The name Ahir is applied to the whole caste in North-Western India ; but in the south 



