94 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



The nasal index in sixteen skulls ranged from 45*8 to 56, and the mean was 51 "6, i.e., 

 mesorhine, to which group eight specimens belonged ; of the remainder, two were 

 lcptorhine, and six were platyrhine. The projection of the upper jaw was ortho- 

 gnathous, the mean gnathic index of fifteen crania being 96*2 ; no specimen was 

 prognathous, and only four were mesognathous. The orbits were measured in sixteen 

 crania, and the mean index was 85*6, mesoseme, to which group eight specimens 

 belonged ; five specimens were microseme and only three were megaseme. The palato- 

 maxillary index showed a great range of variation, and indicated marked differences in 

 the relative length and breadth of the palate and alveolar arch ; five specimens were 

 dolichuranic, six were mesuranic, six were brachyuranic ; in several specimens the 

 palate had a high arch. The nasio-mental diameter was taken in only seven skulls, in 

 five of which the proportion between that diameter and the interzygomatic breadth was 

 chamasprosopic, in the remaining two, leptoprosopic. 



The cranial sutures were simple and, as a rule, not ossified. In ten skulls the 

 lambdoidal suture contained Wormian bones, and in one of these they were numerous. 

 In seven crania an epipteric bone or bones was present either on one or both sides, but 

 in none did the squamous-temporal and frontal directly articulate. No skull was 

 metopic. In No. 414 the basi-cranial synchondrosis was not ossified, and the upper 

 wisdom teeth were not erupted ; in the right orbit a slender process of the orbital plate 

 of the superior maxilla ascended between the os planum and the lachrymal to articulate 

 with the frontal. I have previously recorded examples of this variation in human crania 

 in Bush, Papuan, and Lushai skulls.* Several specimens retained the infra-orbital 

 suture. The muscular ridges and processes were not strongly marked. The skulls were 

 cryptozygous. No specimen showed a paramastoid process, third condyl or auditory 

 exostosis. In three crania the wisdom teeth had not appeared. The mean cranial 

 capacity of fifteen male skulls was 1370 c.c, mesocephalic ; and the range was from 

 1138 c.c. to 1660 c.c. The mean capacity of two female skulls was 1370 c.c. 



Mesaticephalic Series. — Of the ten crania which belonged to this series, seven were 

 apparently males and three females. They were all adult except No. 20, in which, 

 though the wisdom teeth were erupted, the basi-cranial synchondrosis was not ossified. 



Of these specimens, seven had a cephalic index between 75 and 77 '5, whilst three 

 ranged from 77'6 to 79'6. Those with the lower indices showed no great difference in 

 the general form of the cranium from the dolichocephalic group, whilst those in the 

 higher series approximated to the brachycephalic, to be next described. (Table VII.) 



Two skulls were so steep and vertical in the parieto-occipital region as to give the 

 impression that they had been artificially flattened. In four skulls the basi-bregmatic 

 height was less than the greatest breadth ; in three it was greater ; in three they were 

 equal. In all, the occipital longitudinal arc was less than either the parietal or frontal ; 

 in four the frontal exceeded the parietal ; in four the opposite condition existed. 



The glabella and supra-orbital ridges were moderate, but in No. 130 they were 



* Trans. Roy. Hoc, Edinburgh, 1899, vol. xxxix. p. 712. 



