100 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



stone beads, a celt, a perforated stone and other objects, formed of chert, chalcedony, 

 rock crystal, and quartz have been found by Mr W. H. P. Driver at Eanchi in 

 Chiita Nagpiir. They have been described and figured by Professor J. Wood-Mason. * 

 The place where they were found had obviously been a neolithic settlement. Mr 

 Swynnerton has described roughly chipped fragments of jasper and chert in the 

 gravel of the Sourrka river, from the alluvium of the plain in which the city of Gwalior 

 is built. 



We can scarcely expect to trace a direct continuity between the present aborigines 

 and those prehistoric men who manufactured the primitive palaeolithic implements. It 

 is, however, worthy of consideration if some of the existing hill tribes may not be the 

 descendants of the people of neolithic times. 



Of the hill tribes referred to in the earlier pages of this memoir the Juangs are 

 without doubt the most primitive. Colonel Dalton speaks decidedly on this point, and 

 regards them as representatives of the Stone age. Until strangers came amongst them, 

 they had no knowledge of metals, they had no word in their language to designate iron 

 or other metals, and they employed implements made of stone. They could neither 

 spin nor weave, nor had they the simplest knowledge of pottery. They wore no clothes 

 but leaves, and were remarkably shy and timid. Although their language is in part 

 Kolarian, like that of the Hos and Santals, they have many words which cannot be 

 connected with the languages now spoken by other people in India, and the people 

 themselves claim to be the autochthones in Keunjhar. 



Like other primitive people they are of low stature ; they have thick lips and, 

 according to Dalton, coarse frizzly hair, though the two girls drawn from photographs 

 in his great work do not support this statement, as the hair is long and wavy. The 

 colour of the skin is not black, but reddish brown. 



In an account which Dr Shortt has given t of the Juangs, Juags, or leaf wearers 

 of Orissa, met with by him in the tributary Mahals of Cuttach, he states that the head 

 is well formed and globular, the forehead expanded, the cheek bones high, nasal ridge 

 depressed and wide, lips fleshy, chin pointed, face triangular or wedge-shaped ; eyes 

 large and expressive, a character which scarcely conforms to the Mongolian type of 

 countenance which he ascribes to the Juangs. The hair is copious and long on the 

 head, moustache and beard scanty. He attaches importance to the large proportion of 

 persons in whom the lower jaw is ' underhung.' The average stature of the men is 

 5 feet 1^ inches, of the women 5 feet. J 



If the two skulls in the Indian Museum which I have measured are genuine speci- 

 mens of the Juang race, it will be seen that whilst the male is dolichocephalic, the index 



* Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. lvii. part xi., 1888. 



t Journ. of Anthropo. Soc, p. cxxxvi. in Anthropological Review, vol. iii., 1865. 



X M. J. Walhouse has described, Journ. Anth. Inst, 1875, vol. iv. p. 369, a leaf wearing tribe, named Koragar, 

 in South Canara, on the western coast of India. The leaves are worn by the women, a survival, apparently, of a habit 

 prior to the use of raiment, but outside the clothes. The people are black skinned, thick lipped, nose broad and flat 

 hair rough and bushy. The men, he says, seldom exceed in stature 5 feet 6 inches, but this is probably too high an 

 estimate of their stature. 



