CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 103 



In the description which I have written of these crania, it is noted that in the 

 norma verticalis they were elongated and ovoid ; the sides vertical, or nearly so ; the 

 vertex roof-shaped, though not ridged in the sagittal region ; the forehead only slightly 

 receding ; the parietooccipital region not flattened, and the occipital squama rounded 

 and projecting behind the inion. The muscular ridges and processes were not strong, 

 so that the outer table was comparatively smooth, and the skulls were not characterised 

 by their weight. 



In nine crania the basi-bregmatic height exceeded the greatest breadth; in four 

 the height was less than the breadth ; in two they were equal. In these skulls, as is 

 so frequently found in the dolichocephali, the height was usually greater than the 

 breadth. 



In the norma facialis the glabella and supra-orbital ridges were not prominent, 

 and the nasion was not depressed. In seven specimens the anterior nares were wide 

 in relation to their height, and the nasal index was platyrhine ; in six specimens the 

 proportion of width was not quite so great and the index was in the mesorhine group, 

 but usually in its upper term ; one specimen had a leptorhine index which expressed 

 a relatively narrow nose ; the customary type was therefore platyrhine. In seven 

 specimens the upper jaw was orthognathous ; in four, in the lower term of the 

 mesognathous series ; one specimen only was prognathic ; the customary type of jaw, 

 therefore, was orthognathic. In eleven skulls the orbit was microseme ; in one, meso- 

 seme ; in three, megaseme ; the orbit was usually low, therefore, in relation to its 

 breadth. In the relative proportion of the length and breadth of the palato-alveolar 

 arch only one specimen was dolichuranic ; three were mesuranic, seven were brachyuranic ; 

 the type form therefore was that of a wide horseshoe. In the determination of the 

 length and breadth of the entire face, the lower jaw was present in nine skulls, in seven 

 of which the complete facial index was below 90, which places them in the chamse- 

 prosopic, or low- faced group, i.e., a face which is broad in relation to its length. 



In Table II. I have given the cranial measurements of two Tamil-speaking male 

 natives of Madras, who may be regarded as representing the south Dravidian branch. 

 They were both dolichocephalic, and the height exceeded the breadth. The glabella and 

 supra-orbital ridges, and the depression at the nasion, were somewhat more pronounced 

 than in the skulls of the northern Dravidian tribes. In both, the upper jaw was 

 orthognathous, the nose was platyrhine, the orbit was microseme, and the palato- 

 alveolar arch in one was mesuranic, in the other brachyuranic. In the skull with a 

 lower jaw the face was chamseprosopic. The characters were distinctly Dravidian. 



In the series of seventeen crania under analysis, including the Tamils but excluding 

 those marked Kandh, the cubic capacity of thirteen male skulls ranged from 1438 to 

 1150 c.c, of which three were above 1400, three were between 1300 and 1400, six were 

 between 1200 and 1300, and one was 1150 c.c. ; the mean of the series was 1294 c.c. 

 Of the four women, three were between 1200 and 1300, and one was only 1070 ; the 

 mean of the series was 1217 c.c. 



