104 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



In making this analysis of the crania I have purposely excluded the two marked 

 Kandh. In one of these the length-breadth index was 84 # 2, brachycephalic ; in the 

 other, 78*5. If the Kandhs are to be regarded as an unmixed Dravidian people, the 

 high index in each instance leads one to think that the specimens may have been mis- 

 named, and are not genuine examples of the race. If the tribe consists, however, as 

 Dalton supposes, of a mixture of races, these crania, more especially the brachycephalic 

 specimen, may indicate the presence of a brachycephalic strain, which intermingled with 

 the Dravidian would tend to modify the original dolichocephalic type. It should be 

 stated that the nasal index in each skull was platyrhine, and in the brachycephalic 

 specimen strongly so ; the orbital index was microseme ; the palato-maxillary index 

 was brachyuranic ; in neither was the upper jaw prognathic, and in the only one with a 

 lower jaw the face was chamseprosopic. In the facial characters the skulls marked 

 Kandh corresponded with the Dravidian type. 



We may now proceed to the analysis of the skulls belonging to Kolarian-speaking 

 tribes. One specimen, No. 604, Indian museum, marked Jattia Miinda of Bhowro 

 village, near Ranchi, had a cephalic index, 80*5, but as in the configuration of the 

 cranium it differed so much from the other Miindas I have excluded it from the 

 general description. The following observations apply therefore to nineteen skulls. 



In three crania the length-breadth index was below 70, i.e., hyper-dolichocephalic; 

 in fourteen specimens it was between 70 and 75, dolichocephalic ; in two specimens, 

 between 75 and 76, which, although not numerically, yet in form and essential 

 characters were dolichocephalic. In general form, the crania were elongated and ovoid, 

 with steep side walls, moderate parietal eminences, no special ridging in the sagittal 

 region, and, with the slope outwards to the parietal eminences, not very steep. The 

 forehead was not markedly receding, indeed often approaching the vertical ; the parieto- 

 occipital slope was gradual ; the occipital squama was, as a rule, rounded, and projected 

 behind the inion. The muscular ridges and processes were fairly marked, and the 

 skulls had no unusual weight. 



The basi-bregmatic height exceeded the greatest breadth in twelve crania ; it was 

 less than the breadth in six, and in one they were equal. 



In the norma facialis the glabella and supra-orbital ridges moderately projected, 

 and the nasion was only slightly depressed. In six specimens the anterior nares were 

 wide, and the nasal index was platyrhine ; in ten specimens the nose was mesorhine, 

 and in all of these, with one exception, with the index above 50 ; two specimens had a 

 narrow leptorhine index.* In nine specimens the upper jaw was orthognathous ; eight 

 specimens were mesognathous ; no face was prognathous. Ten specimens had a low 

 microseme orbit ; four were mesoseme ; four had a high megaseme orbit. In no skull was 

 the palato-alveolar arch so elongated as to be dolichuranic ; three were mesuranic ; the 

 rest were brachyuranic. The lower jaw was present in eleven of the nineteen skulls, 



* It is not unlikely that in the living person the nose may have, on account of the lateral extension of the alse, a 

 more strongly marked platyrhine character than would be obtainable from the width of the anterior nares in the skull itself. 



