CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 105 



in nine of which the proportion of the breadth to the length of the face was low or 

 chamseprosopic ; in the remaining two the complete facial index was 90 and 93 

 respectively, and the face was within the leptoprosopic division. 



In the Kolarian group the cranial capacity of the men ranged from 1470 to 

 1176 c.c. ; of these four were above 1400, five were between 1300 and 1400, six were 

 between 1200 and 1300, and one was below 1200 c.c. ; the mean of the series was 1314 c.c. 

 The three women's skulls had a mean capacity of 1097 c.c, and the lowest measured 

 only 1000 c.c. 



If we compare the characters of the skull in the Dravidian with the Kolarian group, 

 we shall find that they correspond in essential particulars. In both, the type of cranium 

 in form and proportion was dolichocephalic ; the anterior nares were platyrhine, or in the 

 higher term of the mesorhine group ; the presence of a leptorhine index was altogether 

 exceptional ; the upper jaw was usually orthognathous ; only one of the thirty-six skulls 

 was prognathous ; as a rule the orbit was low or microseme, the palato-alveolar arch was 

 brachyuranic. In both groups also the face was chamseprosopic, i.e., the interzygomatic 

 width was great in proportion to the length of the face. If we take the cranial capacities 

 of the two groups together, the men have a mean 1304 c.c, the women 1157 c.c 



Judging, therefore, from the characters of the skull, one would draw the conclusion 

 that there is no difference of moment in the form and proportion of this part of the 

 skeleton between the Dravidian and Kolarian types, and support is given to the view 

 of their essential structural unity as advocated by Mr Risley. For descriptive pur- 

 poses both groups of skulls may be classed therefore as Dravidian. 



Many ethnologists of great eminence have regarded the aborigines of Australia as 

 closely associated with the Dravidians of India. Some also consider the Dra vidians to 

 be a branch of the great Caucasian stock, and affiliated therefore to Europeans. If 

 these two hypotheses are to be regarded as sound, a relationship between the aboriginal 

 Australian and the European would be established through the Dravidian people of India. 

 The affinities between the Dravidians and Australians have been based upon the 

 employment of certain words by both people, apparently derived from common roots ; 

 by the use of the boomerang, similar to the well-known Australian weapon, by some 

 Dravidian tribes ; by the Indian peninsula having possibly had in a previous geologic 

 epoch a land connection with the Austro-Malayan Archipelago, and by certain correspond- 

 ences in the physical type of the two people. 



Both Dravidians and Australians have dark skins approximating to black ; dark 

 eyes ; black hair, either straight, wavy, or curly, but not woolly or frizzly ; thick lips ; 

 low nose with wide nostrils ; usually short stature, though the Australians are some- 

 what taller than the Dravidians. 



When the skulls are compared with each other, whilst they correspond in some 

 particulars, they differ in others. # In both races the general form and proportions are 



* I may refer to my Challenger Report on Human Crania, part xxix., 1884, for an analysis of the characters of the 

 skulls of the Australian aborigines. 



