CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. Ill 



69*5, hyperdolichocephalic ; in four the index was from 70'6 to 73, dolichocephalic; 

 in the remaining two it was 75*3 and 76. The mean of the series was 71*1- 

 In seven skulls the basi-bregmatic diameter exceeded the greatest breadth ; in two 

 they were equal : the mean vertical index of the series was 74 '3. In one skull 

 the occipital longitudinal arc was a little longer than the parietal, but not so long as 

 the frontal arc ; in four skulls the frontal arc exceeded the parietal ; in three the 

 opposite condition was seen. With one exception the crania were cryptozygous. 



When looked at in the norma lateralis, the glabella and supra-orbital ridges pro- 

 jected only slightly, the forehead was sometimes nearly vertical, at others receded a 

 little. The nasion was depressed in one specimen, but not in the others. The nasal 

 bones were usually small, not prominent and concave forwards. The nasal spine of the 

 superior maxillae was distinct, and the floor of the nose was separated from the incisive 

 region by a ridge. The mean nasal index was 54*4 platyrhine, and of the individual 

 skulls four were markedly platyrhine, three were mesorhine, and one on the boundary 

 between leptorhine and mesorhine. The orbits varied in the relation of width and 

 height ; six were low, microsome ; two were high, megaseme ; one was mesoseme ; the 

 mean index, 83*5, was microseme. In no specimen was the upper jaw prognathous, 

 five were orthognathous, and three were mesognathous ; the mean gnathic index, 96*3, 

 was orthognathous. 



The nasio-mental diameter could be measured in only two skulls, in one of which the 

 complete facial index was chamseprosopic, in the other high-faced or leptoprosopic. The 

 mean palato-maxillary index was 119*5, i.e., brachyuranic, and with two exceptions, one 

 dolichuranic, the other mesuranic, the other skulls belonged to the brachyuranic group. 



The teeth had been fully erupted in all the skulls except a wisdom tooth in No. 

 143 ; the crowns were mostly betel stained, and the grinding surfaces of the molars 

 were worn flat. The sutures were, as a rule, distinct, and one was metopic ; though in 

 one the sagittal was partially obliterated. In two crania the lambdoidal suture contained 

 small Wormian bones. One had a right epipteric bone, but in none was the squamous 

 temporal in articulation with the frontal. 



The cranial capacity in both sexes was low, the mean of six men was only 

 1201 c.c, and the range was from 1090 to 1362 c.c. ; the mean of two women was 

 only 1089 c.c. The lower jaw w 7 as present in only three specimens, in each of which 

 the chin was well marked ; the body of the bone was deep, for the lodgment of the fangs 

 of the teeth and the angle was well marked. 



I may now briefly state the chief cranial characters of the specimens described by 

 previous observers. Arthur Thomson has embodied in a table the measurements 

 made by Busk, Virchow, Flower, Barnard Davis, and himself. Of the thirty-seven 

 skulls included in that table fourteen had a length-breadth index below 70, fourteen 

 were between 70 and 75, five were from 75 to 77*5, one was 78, and three w r ere from 

 80*6 to 82*9. All the skulls, with four exceptions, were definitely dolichocephalic or 

 in the lower terms of the mesaticephalic group. Of the four exceptional specimens, 



