CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 115 



The University Anatomical Museum contains the skulls of six Andaman Islanders, 

 presented, along with other bones of the skeleton, by Drs J. Dougal, J. S. Forrester, 

 D. D. Cunningham, and Colonel Cadell, V.C. In the Museum of the Royal College of 

 Surgeons of Edinburgh is another skeleton.* Of the seven skulls, two had not quite 

 reached maturity ; the others were adult, of these three apparently were women and 

 two men. 



When looked at in the norma verticalis the skulls were seen to be flattened at the 

 vertex, and the vault had a low curve ; they were relatively wider in the parietal 

 regions, the eminences in which were distinctly marked even in the men's skulls. The 

 Stephanie diameter was much below the parietal, and its relatively short breadth contri- 

 buted to give a characteristic contour to the cranium. Although there was no appearance 

 of parieto-occipital flattening, the slope behind the obelion was somewhat abrupt, and the 

 parietal eminences were much closer to the occipital than to the frontal pole of the cranium. 

 With one exception the skulls were cryptozygous. The crania ranged in length from 

 173 to 158 mm., in greatest breadth from 141 to 128 mm. The mean length-breadth 

 index was 81*5, brachycephalic, and the range was from 78*6 to 887. In each skull 

 the basi-bregmatic height was, as is customary in brachycephalic crania, distinctly less 

 than the greatest breadth, and the mean vertical index was 757. With one excep- 

 tion the occipital longitudinal arc was the shortest, but there was no constancy in 

 the relative proportions of the frontal and parietal arcs. 



In the norma lateralis the glabella and supra- orbital ridges were feeble in the 

 males and scarcely marked in the female skulls ; the forehead was vertical in the 

 women and very slightly receding in the men ; the frontal eminences were distinct. 

 The nasion was not depressed, the nasal bones were not prominent except in one 

 specimen, and were flattened across the bridge. In two skulls the nasal index was 

 mesorhine, the rest were platyrhine, and the mean index was 55. One orbit was high 

 in relation to the width, three were much lower, and the others were intermediate, the 

 mean index of the series, 8 5 "5, was mesorhine. The upper jaw in its degree of projection 

 was in two cases orthognathous, in one prognathous, in the rest mesognathous, the mean 

 of the series was 99*8, mesognathous. The face in each specimen was chamaeprosopic, 

 and the mean complete facial index was 80'5. 



The nasal spine of the superior maxillae was moderate, and the floor of the nose was 

 usually separated from the incisive region by a ridge. The teeth had mostly erupted, 

 but in some of the specimens the wisdoms were not complete, and in one of these the 

 right upper canine and right lower central incisor were concealed in the jaws. In the 

 older skulls the crowns were worn from use. In the younger skulls the sutures were 

 well denticulated, but in the older they were beginning to be obliterated. One was 

 metopic, and in it the frontal transverse diameters much exceeded those in the other 

 skulls. In one specimen a large Wormian bone constituted the upper part of the 



* The bones of five of the skeletons, exclusive of the skulls, were described by me in the Challenger Reports, Zoology, 

 vol. xvi. part xlvii., 1886. 



VOL. XL. PART I. (NO. 6). R 



