CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 119 



part of the Malay peninsula. He sent to Berlin specimens of the hair of a tribe which 

 he called Blandass or Belendas, a name which he seems to use as synonymous with Sakai.* 

 Virchow states that the hair varied in length from 59 to 26 cm. ; it was ebony in 

 colour, the more slender examples being paler, and in a child pale reddish brown. In 

 no specimen was it curly or spirally twisted, though at the tip it bent into a crescentic 

 form. At a later date Stevens forwarded specimens of the hair and a skull from the 

 Panghan tribe (Panggan), on the east side of the peninsula. The men cut the hair close 

 to the scalp, but left a tuft at the top of the occiput. The tuft was said to be of 

 'peppercorn' shape, and only 5 to 10 mm. above the scalp. The hair was black, 

 slender and spirally twisted as in the Negrito, and could at once be distinguished 

 from the hair of the Belendas tribe. The Semang tribe of Perak on the western side 

 have apparently a similar tuft of hair, possessing the same character. Virchow figures 

 the skull, which was short, broad and high, kypsibrachycephalic ; the length-breadth 

 index being 81 '5, the length-height 76"9. The glabella and supra-orbital ridges were 

 prominent. The face was broad and low, chamseprosopic ; the orbital index 80, was 

 microseme ; the nose was short, with a low bridge, mesorhine ; the upper jaw was 

 strongly prognathic; the cranial capacity was 1370 c.c. 



In 1897 Dr R. Martin undertook a journey through the Malay peninsula with 

 the object of seeing the wild tribes in the interior.! He distinguished the appearance 

 of the Semangs, who live especially in the north and in part in the Siamese provinces, 

 from the Sakais, who are found especially in Perak, Selangor, and the west of Pehang. 

 The Semangs, he says, had black skins, black frizzled hair, and were doubtless closely 

 allied to the Negritos of the Philippines. In the Sakai the skin of the breast and body 

 was reddish brown in tint, whilst on the face it was a medium brown with yellowish 

 brown shades ; the hair was black, but with a brownish shimmer in certain lights, and 

 throughout was wavy, which distinguished it from the frizzled hair of the Semang, and 

 from the stiff hair of all Mongols, including the Malays. The stature of the Sakai men 

 averaged about 1500 mm. (4 ft. 9 in.), that of the women 1420 mm. (4 ft. 6 in.). 

 The head, from numerous measurements, had a mean length-breadth index 79 ; the 

 face was broad, but pointed at the chin, mesoprosopic in its proportions, the nose had 

 slight projection, but with broad alae, which were deeper than the septum ; the 

 tegumentary part of the lips, especially the upper, was thick. They painted the face 

 and breast with red, white and black spots, put hollow cylinders of bamboo into the 

 ears and filled them with grasses, which formed a green frame around the face of the 

 women. The men bored the nasal septum and passed through it a piece of wood or 

 porcupine quill. 



I am indebted to Mr Nelson Annandale, who travelled in 1899 in the northern 

 part of the peninsula, for photographs of a Sakai youth aged about 15, who lived in 

 the Aring district, a hilly country in Kelantan, in the centre of the peninsula. He had 



* Verh. der Berliner Ges.fiir Anth., etc., November 1891, July and October 1892. 

 t Mitteil. der Naturiviss. Ges. in Winterthur, Heft ii., 1900. 



