320 DRS HEPBURN AND WATERSTON ON THE 



with this border, from left to right, were the pancreas, a peritoneal fold, and the 

 recurved tubular part of the stomach for a distance of 6 cms. The apertures were 

 situated, not at the ends, but in the walls or curvature. When opened, it was 

 empty, and its cavity was only slightly smaller than that of the first chamber. "With 

 the exception of the external layer of muscle, the mucous and muscular coats were 

 raised into thick prominent rugse, separated from each other by deep intervening 

 furrows. Although these rugae were indented by mutual pressure, yet they resembled 

 cerebral convolutions on a small scale. Their general disposition was in the long 

 axis of the cavity, but, though running for the most part parallel to each other, they 

 converged around the inlet and outlet of the chamber. 



As already indicated, the inlet was placed upon the dorsal aspect of the chamber, 

 and was at right angles to the line of entrance of the oesophagus into the first com- 

 partment. The appearances might be simulated by making a tight constriction round 

 a one-chambered stomach close below its oesophageal orifice, and then applying the long 

 contiguous sides of the two parts closely together. However, the sharp angle between 

 the two compartments was occupied by the loose folds of the great omentum, so that 

 neither of the chambers was prevented from distending, by its peritoneal relationships. 

 Thread parasites adhered to the lining membrane, which was smooth and of a rusty 

 brown colour. 



Under the microscope, the secreting mucous membrane was from 2 to 3 mms. thick 

 (PL IT. fig. 4 (a)), and it closely invested the strong muscular ridges, which, as already 

 indicated, resembled cerebral convolutions or large columnse carneae. It consisted 

 essentially of tubular glands (PI. II. fig 4 (b)) supported upon a very distinct muscularis 

 mucosas, which sent definite prolongations, accompanied by a fine fibrous stroma, among 

 the closely arranged tubules. The intertubular tissue was plentifully provided with 

 capillary vessels. 



The glands occupied the entire thickness of the mucous membrane, and each gland 

 presented two parts, distinguishable from each other by structural differences. First, 

 each gland, from its mouth inwards for a distance of '04 mm., consisted of a delicate 

 basement membrane lined by short columnar cells, which surrounded a circular lumen 

 — the duct of the gland — and stained after the manner characteristic of duct cells. The 

 cells which had covered the free surface of the mucous membrane had been mostly 

 desquamated, but so far as could be ascertained, they were similar to those lining the 

 ducts just described. The gland proper constituted the remainder and second part of 

 the secreting apparatus. Each tubule appeared to become branched as it passed inwards 

 from the surface, but, judging from the fact that transverse sections of the tubules 

 were not found in the deeper levels of the mucous membrane, the amount of tortuosity 

 was not great. Each tubule (PI. II. fig. 4 (b)) presented magnificent examples of central 

 and parietal cells. The central cells were large nucleated polyhedral cells, set closely 

 together and bounding the irregular lumen of the tubule. Everywhere they stained very 

 deeply. The parietal cells formed a continuous single layer of cells, globular in shape 



