326 DRS HEPBURN AND WATERSTON ON THE 



evenly distributed round the interior of the tube (PL III. fig. 8a), but in the lower 

 or hinder half those upon the mesenteric side of the gut were considerably reduced in 

 size to make room for an increased prominence of those upon the side opposite to the 

 mesentery (PL III. fig. 9a). 



The microscopic appearances of the mucous membrane differed considerably in the 

 upper and lower parts. At no point were villi discovered, but in the upper or anterior 

 half the glandular arrangements were almost exactly similar to those of the duodenal 

 mucous membrane (PL III. fig. 8b), except that in the bowel the glands were somewhat 

 shorter than in the duodenum. Chalice cells were also prominent appearances. In the 

 lower part of the bowel, the first noteworthy feature was the difference in the size of 

 those ridges attached on the side next to the mesentery, as compared with the size of 

 those on the side opposite to the mesentery. The latter set consisted of four thick and 

 long projections. They occupied half of the circumference of the tube by their bases, 

 but their projecting ends filled considerably more than half of the interior. The mucous 

 membrane which lined the entire tube was very similar to that which has already been 

 described for the upper part of the bowel, but the number of chalice cells now so greatly 

 preponderated that the mucous membrane appeared like a network. The outstanding 

 feature of the sections was the presence of globular masses of lymph tissue situated in 

 the submucous layer (PL III. fig. 9b), but sending prolongations through the mucous 

 covering apparently to discharge upon the free surface. We did not find a layer of 

 epithelium covering those lymph nodules, but, as in other parts of the bowel, it may 

 have been desquamated. This disposition of lymph tissue was confined to the three 

 trenches which separated the four large ridges from each other, and these lymphoid 

 patches were strictly limited to one side of the intestine, and no similar arrangement 

 occurred on the mesenteric side of the intestinal wall. Nine or ten of these lymphoid 

 masses were visible on the sides of a single ridge in each microscopic section, and the 

 total amount of lymph tissue thus arranged must have been very great. 



The pancreas, lying between the liver and stomach, was pyramidal in shape, 

 measuring 8 cms. transversely, 7 cms. antero-posteriorly, and 6 cms. in height. The 

 base was posterior, and looked towards the lesser sac, while the blunted apex was in 

 contact with the under surface of the liver. 



The left side was in contact with the first chamber of the stomach, the dorsal surface 

 with the dorsal abdominal wall, but covered by peritoneum ; the right surface was in 

 contact with the terminal part of the stomach, pylorus, and duodenum ; and the anterior- 

 surface, continuous with the right surface, looked towards the lesser sac, and was crossed 

 by the tubular part of the stomach. 



The tissue of which the gland was composed was folded round the bile-duct, which, 

 therefore, passed through the gland. 



The liver had two large lobes — right and left — which were prolonged anteriorly into 

 two conical projections, between which there was a triangular depressed area, mesial in 

 position. 



