548 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



As might be expected, Edinburgh and the counties of Fife, East Lothian, and Mid- 

 Lothian have furnished me with a considerable proportion of the specimens. 



The collection long located in Edinburgh in the Phrenological Museum through 

 an arrangement made with the Henderson Trustees having been deposited in the 

 Anatomical Museum of the University, has also been made available for my purpose, 

 though I have not included in my tables some specimens in it which, though probably 

 Scottish, wanted a precise statement of locality. Several of the crania belonging to this 

 collection are of great interest, and whenever the locality was definitely stated, to ensure 

 that the skull was Scottish, it has been examined and noted. Altogether one hundred 

 and seventy-six skulls have been studied. Comparatively few had the lower jaw 

 attached to the cranium. Unfortunately, many were more or less injured, especially 

 in the facial region, so that the proportions of that part of the skull have been estimated 

 from a smaller number of examples than were available for the study of the cranial 

 box. As the majority of the skulls described have been obtained in the counties south 

 of the Clyde and the Tay, this memoir is more especially descriptive of the cranial 

 characters of the people of lowland Scotland. 



Fifeshire. Table I. Plates I., II. , V. 



The skulls from Fifeshire were from two localities. 



a. The greater number were obtained during the operations connected with the 

 rearrangement, some years ago, of the interior of a parish church in the landward part 

 of the county. In removing the pavement and the subjacent earth, quantities of human 

 bones were exposed. Fifteen skulls came into my possession, and although some were 

 injured, the majority were in good order. To only one specimen was the lower jaw 

 attached. From the place of interment being within the church, it is to be presumed 

 that the skulls belonged to parishioners of the better class. It is probable that the 

 interments were made in the eighteenth century, when intramural burials were not 

 uncommon, and it is doubtful if auy had been later than the earlier part of the century 

 following. From these specimens, therefore, one may form a good idea of the cranial 

 characters of the educated people of this part of the county. Measurements of the 

 crania, distinguished by the letter M, are given in Table I. 



They were apparently twelve males and three females, and were, with two excep- 

 tions, the skulls of persons in middle or even more advanced life ; the specimen 

 measured in the first column of that table was known to be from a man set. 66, and 

 the ages of the other specimens are approximately stated. In four specimens the face 

 was much injured. In the skulls where the upper jaw was uninjured, the teeth were 

 in part worn down and decayed, though on the whole they were well preserved. In 

 the majority of the skulls, the sutures of the vault were in process of obliteration ; but 

 two crania, a male and a female, were metopic. 



